Clitoria falcata Lam.

Sickle pigeonwings (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Clitoria

Characteristics

Herbaceous vine, twining and scandent; stem filiform, 2-3 mm thick, hollow, pubescence uncinate, densely rufo-pilose, becoming less reddish, pilose hirsute to glabrous near the base, striate, infrequently branched, the internodes 7-16 cm. Leaves trifoliolate, oblong elliptic, occasionally ovate, the apex obtuse, retuse, mucronate, the base obtuse to rotund, 3.5-7(9) cm long, 1.5-5 cm wide, dark green and glabrous above, pale and densely pilose below, becoming scattered pilose with uncinate hairs on nerves, the veins weakly raised above, prominently raised below, primary nerves 7-9 pairs, alternate, obliquely ascending, secondary nerves reticulate; petiole 2.5-4 cm long, weakly 4-angled to terete, abruptly bent at the base forming an acute to right angle with the stem, pubescent; rachis 0.5-1.5(2.3) cm, similar to petiole; stipules persistent, broadly ovate, acute, striate, pubescence uncinate, sparsely pilose, ciliate, 3-5 mm long, 3-3.5 mm wide; sti-pels persistent, linear lanceolate, acute, striate, pubescent, 3-7 mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide, longer than petiolules, the terminal stipels slightly shorter than lateral stipels; petiolules 4-angled, 3-4 mm long, dark colored, pubescence uncinate, densely pilose. Inflorescence of axillary racemes, 2 or 4(6) flowered, bearing either chasmogamous or cleistogamous flowers, chasmogamous flowers with the peduncle subequal to longer than petiole and rachis, 5-13 cm, the pubescence pilose, uncinate; bracts 4, inner pair not seen, 3-5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, lan-ceolate, striate, acuminate, pubescence uncinate, pilose ciliate, becoming re-flexed in age, outer pair usually narrower; pedicels 2-4(5) mm; bracteoles 7-12 mm long, 3-3.5 mm wide, lanceolate, striate, acuminate, pubescence uncinate, moderately pilose, ciliate, inserted 0.5-1 mm below the calyx; cleistogamous inflorescences with the peduncle 4-6.5 cm long, pilose and uncinate hairs; the bracts 3-3.5 mm long, 0.7-1.3 mm wide; the pedicels 2-3 mm; the bracteoles 6-7 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, inserted 0.5-1 mm below calyx. Chasmogamous flowers showy, lavender or white, sometimes becoming yellow with age; calyx tube 11-15 mm long, 4-7 mm wide at throat, pubescence uncinate, pilose, the lobes 9-13 mm long, ovate lanceolate, long acuminate, ciliate, 2-4 mm wide at base, the ventral lobe 12-14 mm long; standard 4-5 cm long, 3-4 cm wide, with sparse, appressed hairs denser along nerves and towards the margin, the apex ciliate, the wings extending beyond the keel 5-7 mm, the blade 14-17 mm long, 4-7 mm wide, the claw 9-13 mm long, the keel falcate, 7-9 mm across, 3-4 mm wide, the claw 16-18 mm; staminal column 20-27 mm long, incurved at tip, the free filaments 1-3 mm long, the anthers 1-1.2 mm long, 0.4-0.8 mm wide; ovary ca. 8 mm long, with dense white appressed, ascending hairs, the style 14-18 mm long, bearded, the stigma dilated; cleistogamous flowers inconspicuous, calyx tube 5-6 mm, 1.5 mm wide at the base to 2-3 mm wide at the throat, the lobes 5-7 mm long; corolla lacking. Fruit brown, slightly curved, biconvex, weakly compressed becoming subquadrangular, costate, 3-4.5(5) cm long, 8-9 mm wide, the pubescence uncinate and with few spreading hairs; stipe 8-9 mm long, en-closed in the calyx with the base of fruit; seeds cuboidal with rounded edges, a slight depression on the lateral faces, 4.5 mm long, 4 mm wide, brown, sticky, 5-8 per pod.
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Herbs. Stems twining, ca. 2 mm thick, pubescent. Leaves imparipinnately 3-foliolate; stipules broadly ovate, 3-3.5 × ca. 2 mm, pubescent; petiole (1.5-)2-5 cm, pubescent; stipels persistent; petiolules 1-2.5 mm; leaflets oblong-elliptic to ovate, (1.8-)2-5.5(-7.5) × (0.8-)2.5-3.5 cm, abaxially pale green and densely pubescent, adaxially dark green and glabrous, lateral veins 6 or 7 pairs, base rounded, apex obtuse or slightly emar­ginate, mucronate. Inflorescence axillary, 1-4-flowered; pedun­cle 2-15 cm; bracts ca. 2 mm; bracteoles 7-17 mm. Flowers often cleistogamous. Calyx tube 3-4 mm; lobes narrowly lan­ceolate, 4-5 mm. Corolla often not developed [when present white, 3-4(-5) cm; standard very finely puberulent appearing glabrous; staminal sheath 20-40 mm]. Legume slightly curved, 3-4 × 0.8-1.1 cm, compressed, usually longitudinally ribbed, minutely puberulent, apex aristate. Seeds 4 or 5, dark reddish brown, ellipsoid to subglobose, ca. 3[-4] × 2 mm.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support climber
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.0 - 0.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer rhizobia
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Light 7-9
Soil humidity 5-7
Soil texture 3-4
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses forage medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) 15 - 20
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Fruit

Clitoria falcata fruit picture by seckler marcelo (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Clitoria falcata world distribution map, present in American Samoa, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Belize, Brazil, Bhutan, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Ghana, Guadeloupe, Guinea-Bissau, Guatemala, French Guiana, Guyana, Honduras, Haiti, Indonesia, India, Jamaica, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Liberia, Madagascar, Mexico, Myanmar, Martinique, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Paraguay, Senegal, Singapore, Sierra Leone, El Salvador, Suriname, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:486511-1
WFO ID wfo-0000179174
COL ID W9GN
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 629366
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Clitoria falcata Clitoria rubiginosa Galactia tetragona Martia brasiliensis Neurocarpum ellipticum Neurocarpum falcatum Neurocarpum glycinoides Neurocarpum villosum Ternatea rubiginosa Ternatea glycinoides Martiusia physalodes Neurocarpum rubiginosum Neurocarpum argenteum Martiusia rubiginosa Clitoria glycinoides Nauchea clypeata Martia physodes Martia physodes Nauchea rubiginosa Clitoria falcata f. falcata Clitoria rubiginosa f. longifolia Clitoria glycinoides var. guaranitica Clitoria rubiginosa var. genuis Clitoria glycinoides var. ecostata Clitoria rubiginosa var. ecostata Crotalaria elliptica

Lower taxons

Clitoria falcata var. aurantiaca Clitoria falcata var. falcata Clitoria falcata var. latifolia