Clitoria L.

Pigeonwings (en)

Genus

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae

Characteristics

Trees, shrubs, lianas, herbaceous vines or suffruticose herbs, erect or climb-ing; pubescence of uncinate (hooked) hairs common. Leaves trifoliate, less com-monly 5-or 7-foliolate, petiolate, terminal leaflet usually larger; leaflets entire, the midrib and nerves impressed or weakly raised above, prominently raised below, ascending, usually arcuate towards the margin, joining the vein above, the minor veins conspicuously reticulate; stipules and stipels usually persistent, sometimes caducous, striate, usually erect, appressed. Inflorescences axillary or cauliflorous, racemose; flowers chasmogamous or sometimes cleistogamous (poorly observed in Panamanian material); pedicels usually paired; bracts 2-6, striate, pubescent adaxially, the inner pair caducous, usually smallest, between the pedicels, the middle pair often persistent, concave, opposite and appressed to the pedicel, sometimes spreading or reflexed in age, the outer pair caducous to semipersistent, between the pedicels; peduncles axillary, 1-several, short, often fascicled, cauliflorous; bracteoles 2, striate, persistent, frequently present in fruit, usually pubescent adaxially. Chasmogamous flowers resupinate, showy, bi-sexual, 5-merous, blue, violet, pink, or white, sometimes white fading yellow; calyx funnelform, persistent in fruit, conspicuously nerved, the apex 5-lobed, the upper 2 lobes subconnate, the lowermost lobe narrower, often longest; standard complicate, large and flag-like, erect, emarginate, short clawed, darker towards the edges and on the veins, the wings falcate oblong, spatulate, extending beyond the keel, shorter than standard, adherent in the middle to keel, long clawed, the keel petals incurved, acute, the claw elongate; stamens 10, diadelphous, vexillary stamen free or connate at base, the staminal column incurved, glabrous, often persistent in fruit, the free filaments filiform, the anthers basifixed, uniform; ovary stipitate, linear, compressed, many ovuled, densely pubescent, the style elongate, geniculate near the tip, usually twisting, flattened, bearded lengthwise, the stigma often pubescent around the base. Fruit stipitate, linear, compressed, slightly thickened on the upper or both sutures, costate or not, the valves flat or convex, often bearing uncinate (hooked) hairs, usually beaked by the persistent style or style base, splitting spirally, twisting; seeds subglobose or subreniform, glabrous, smooth or with a sticky coat. Cleistogamous flowers uncommon, inconspicuous
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Climbing or erect herbs or shrubs, rarely trees. Leaves pinnately 3–9-foliolate, more rarely 1-foliolate; stipules and stipels present. Inflorescences few-flowered, racemose, or flowers axillary, solitary or paired, sometimes on the old wood; upper pairs of bracts connate; bracteoles large. Calyx 5-lobed, upper pair of lobes joined only at the base. Corolla large, white, red or blue; standard large, much exceeding the other petals, rounded, erect, emarginate, without appendages. Vexillary stamen free or ± joined to the bundle; anthers almost uniform or 5 dorsifixed alternating with 5 subbasifixed. Ovary stipitate, 2-many-ovuled. Style elongated, incurved, bearded inside at the slightly dilated apex; stigma terminal. Cleistogamous flowers occur in some species. Pod linear-oblong, compressed, sometimes longitudinally ribbed, filled with soft tissue but not septate. Seeds subglobose or ellipsoid, compressed; hilum small, central or subcentral; aril not developed.
Perennial herbs or subshrubs, twining. Leaves pinnately 3-7-foliolate; stipules and stipels persistent. Inflorescence axillary, 1-or 2-flowered. Flowers large and beautiful; bracts paired, stipulelike, persistent; bracteoles similar to bracts or slightly larger, or sometimes leaflike. Calyx membranous, tubular, 5-lobed; lobes lanceolate or triangular, equal to or shorter than tube. Corolla longer than calyx; standard large, almost applanate or sometimes cucullate, abaxially minutely hairy, base clawed, without auricles; wings and keels much shorter. Stamens diadelphous; vexillary stamen free, or ± connate; anthers uniform. Ovary with stipe, with sheathing disk at base; ovules many; style complanate, long, curved, interior with beard. Legume stipitate, linear or linear-oblong, dehiscent, compressed or inflated, filled with soft tissue but not septate. Seeds subglobose or ellipsoid, compressed; hilum small, central or subcentral, strophiole absent.
Fls resupinate, the banner lowermost; cal somewhat gibbous at base, irregular, the 2 upper lobes partly connate, shorter than the lower; standard rotund-obovate, retuse, narrowed to the base, much exceeding the other pet; keel-pet strongly incurved but not twisted, shorter than the wings and coherent with them to the middle; stamens 10, monadelphous below; anthers all alike; style strongly incurved, pubescent on the concave side; fr stipitate, linear-oblong, flattened, dehiscent, several-seeded; twining herbs or shrubs with pinnately 3–9-foliolate, stipellate lvs and large, bracteolate fls solitary or in small clusters on axillary peduncles. 40, warm reg.
unless with fruit, petals usually lacking; the calyx infundibular, small, persistent in fruit, bracteolate, 5-lobed; stamens short, free or diadelphous, ovary similar to chasmogamous flowers but smaller, style bent abruptly back towards the base and the stigma in contact with anthers.
Seeds variously coloured, oblong-ellipsoid, compressed, with a central to excentric hilum and a persistent white rim aril and funicular remnant.
Inflorescences few-flowered in racemes, or flowers axillary, solitary or paired; upper pair of bracts connate; bracteoles large.
Ovary stipitate, 2–many-ovuled; style elongate, curved, bearded and slightly widened towards the terminal stigma.
Corolla large, often resupinate; standard much exceeding the other petals, often pubescent outside.
Pod linear-oblong, compressed or convex, dehiscent, with or without longitudinal ribs.
Leaves pinnately 3–9-foliolate, rarely 1-foliolate; stipels present or absent.
Vexillary filament free or joined to the others at the base.
Calyx 5-lobed, upper pair of lobes joined only at the base.
Trailing, climbing or erect herbs, shrubs or small trees.
Life form perennial
Growth form
Growth support -
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) -
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer rhizobia
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-10

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) 15 - 20
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Clitoria unspecified picture
Clitoria unspecified picture

Distribution

Clitoria world distribution map, present in China, Panama, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30007650-2
WFO ID wfo-4000008644
COL ID 3R58
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 445661
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Ternatea Vexillaria Clitoriastrum Neurocarpum Macrotrullion Nauchea Rhombifolium Clitoria

Lower taxons

Clitoria macrophylla Clitoria simplicifolia Clitoria falcata Clitoria javitensis Clitoria australis Clitoria cearensis Clitoria flagellaris Clitoria flexuosa Clitoria irwinii Clitoria javanica Clitoria linearis Clitoria macrophylla Clitoria magentea Clitoria pendens Clitoria plumosa Clitoria moyobambensis Clitoria nervosa Clitoria fragrans Clitoria lasciva Clitoria arborea Clitoria amazonum Clitoria brachycalyx Clitoria brachystegia Clitoria coriacea Clitoria densiflora Clitoria polystachya Clitoria pozuzoensis Clitoria selloi Clitoria snethlageae Clitoria obidensis Clitoria guianensis Clitoria fairchildiana Clitoria kaessneri Clitoria nana Clitoria annua Clitoria andrei Clitoria cavalcantei Clitoria hanceana Clitoria juninensis Clitoria kaieteurensis Clitoria sagotii Clitoria steyermarkii Clitoria tunuhiensis Clitoria dendrina Clitoria woytkowskii Clitoria leptostachya Clitoria arborescens Clitoria epetiolata Clitoria laurifolia Clitoria cordobensis Clitoria humilis Clitoria monticola Clitoria mexicana Clitoria cordiformis Clitoria canescens Clitoria hermannii Clitoria heterophylla Clitoria chanondii Clitoria mucronulata Clitoria stipularis Clitoria froesii Clitoria stipularis Clitoria pilosula Clitoria speciosa Clitoria triflora Clitoria glaberrima Clitoria mariana Clitoria ternatea