Cochlospermum religiosum (L.) Alston

Silk-cotton tree (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Malvales > Bixaceae > Cochlospermum

Characteristics

Small rather crooked-branched, more or less deciduous tree. Leaves cordate, 7½-20 cm diam., margin undulate or obscurely crenate, apex of the lobes acuminate with blunt tip; petiole articulated 8-25 cm long. Stipules linear-subulate, caducous, 7-8 mm long. Flowers in a simple raceme or a loosely branched panicle, terminal, short-hairy, one flower open at a time on each branch, facing side ways. Pedicels ± 2 cm long. Bracts caducous, triangular-acute, short-hairy, 4 — 5 mm broad at the base. Corolla yellow, with a distinct odour. Sepals partly purplish, 2-2½ by 1-2¼ cm. Petals thickened at the base. Stamens slightly S-curved, unequal. Anthers orange, falcate, 1 mm broad. Ovary globular. Style glabrous 1½-2 cm. Capsule obovate, 5-7 cm long, valves striate-ribbed, 2½-3 cm broad. Seeds reniform to cochleate, brown, 5-6 mm across.
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A small deciduous tree. It grows about 6 m tall. The bark is fluted. It only has a few branches. The leaves are alternate and 7.5-20 cm across. They are gathered towards the ends of branches. They are divided like fingers on a hand with 3-7 lobes. These are softly hairy. The leaf stalk is 5-23 cm long. The flowers occur before the leaves. The flowers are large and golden yellow. They are 7.5-13 cm across. They occur in groups. There are 5 petals and these can be 5 cm long. They are broadly oval and notched. The fruit are pear shaped and leathery. They are 5-10 cm long and hang down. The seeds are kidney shaped. They are 0.8 cm long and covered with a silky floss. There are many seeds. These fruit capsules open when ripe and spread the seeds.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 7.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

More or less established in Penang and very conspicuous in cultivated ground round the town, near Dato Kramat growing in a native settlement, in Malacca GRIFFITH noted 'near a stream at the foot of. hill'; in N. Bali near a large pagode (TEYSMANN) pr. Singaradja. At Buitenzorg flowering throughout the year. In Penang noted as deciduous. All specimens at low alt. It is propagated by cuttings or rather loppings; any branch stuck in the ground will strike in wet weather. Flowers last for 1½ day. If the flower is setting fruit the withered petals remain for a long time (CORNER).
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A tropical plant. It grows in the sub-Himalayas up to 900 m altitude. It is resistant to drought and can tolerate forest fires. It grows in dry places.
Cultivated ground. Dry forests, especially on stony hills.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 1-5
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The gum is used for thickening ice cream. The seeds are roasted and eaten as a vegetable.
Uses environmental use food gene source gum material medicinal oil social use wood
Edible barks leaves seeds shoots
Therapeutic use Cardiovascular system (bark), Contraceptive agents (bark), Diuretics (bark), Hypotension (bark), Analgesics (flower), Cough (flower), Diarrhea (flower), Dysentery (flower), Gonorrhea (flower), Hypnotics and sedatives (flower), Jaundice (flower), Pharyngitis (flower), General tonic for rejuvenation (flower), Syphilis (flower), Trachoma (flower), Urination disorders (flower), Analgesics (leaf), Cough (leaf), Diarrhea (leaf), Dysentery (leaf), Gonorrhea (leaf), Hypnotics and sedatives (leaf), Jaundice (leaf), Pharyngitis (leaf), General tonic for rejuvenation (leaf), Syphilis (leaf), Trachoma (leaf), Urination disorders (leaf), Asthma (plant exudate), Astringents (plant exudate), Cough (plant exudate), Demulcents (plant exudate), Diarrhea (plant exudate), Dysentery (plant exudate), Gonorrhea (plant exudate), Hoarseness (plant exudate), Hypnotics and sedatives (plant exudate), General tonic for rejuvenation (plant exudate), Syphilis (plant exudate), Urination disorders (plant exudate), Cooling effect on body (plant exudate), Hypnotics and sedatives (seed), Fistula (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Tubercle (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Hoarseness (unspecified), Hypnotics and sedatives (unspecified), Tuberculosis (unspecified), Urinary tract infections (unspecified), Wounds and injuries (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds and cuttings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 30 - 42
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Cochlospermum religiosum unspecified picture

Distribution

Cochlospermum religiosum world distribution map, present in Indonesia, India, Kenya, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:169697-1
WFO ID wfo-0000902571
COL ID WNKX
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Bombax gossypium Maximilianea gossypium Bombax religiosum Cochlospermum religiosum Cochlospermum balicum Cochlospermum gossypium Wittelsbachia gossypium