Cochlospermum Kunth

Cochlospermum (en)

Genus

Angiosperms > Malvales > Bixaceae

Characteristics

Trees (or shrubs), often deciduous, producing gum and an orange juice. Leaves spread, palmatilobed, often with domatia in the axils of the main ribs; stipules caducous. Flowers actinomorphic, bisexual, showy, mostly golden-yellow, paniculate or racemose. Sepals 5 imbricate. Petals 5, imbricate or contorted, emarginate. Stamens ∞, with free filaments, equal or subequal; anthers 2-celled, linear, basi-fixed, opening by introrse, short, often confluent pore-like slits. Ovary 1-celled with laminai placentas projecting into the cell, or perfectly or imperfectly 3-celled, the upper portion remaining 1-celled; ovules ∞, style simple, stigma punctiform. Capsule 3-5-valved, valves of the endocarp separating from and alternating with those of the pericarp. Seeds covered by woolly hairs, mostly cochleate-reniform; endosperm copious, rich in oil; embryo large, conforming to the shape of the seed; cotyledons broad.
More
Suffrutices, shrubs or small trees, deciduous, sometimes with tuberous roots. Leaves petiolate, palmatilobed or compound-digitate, glabrous or not. Inflorescences terminal and axillary, racemose or paniculate. Flowers 5-merous, the sepals un-equal; petals convolute, large, membranous, mostly yellow; filaments slender, equal or not, the anthers basifixed, oblong or linear, apically poricidal; ovary 1-lo-cular except at the base, with 3-5 parietal placentae; style slender, the stigma scarcely thickened, usually inconspicously denticulate. Capsules 1-locular, the exocarp glabrous or not, the endocarp membranous; seeds reniform, long-lanate, the testa thin and easily detachable.
Small trees or shrubs, soft-wooded, deciduous. Leaves palmatisect, 5–9-lobed, stipulate. Inflorescence a terminal panicle; flowers pedicillate, each subtended by a caducous bract. Sepals 5, the outer two shorter, the inner three contorted, asymmetric. Petals obovate, cuneate at base, emarginate; showy, yellow. Stamens many, free; anthers dehiscing by 1 apical pore and 2 small basal pores. Ovary 5-carpellate, glabrous; ovules many. Fruit a smooth loculicidal capsule; valves 5. Seeds reniform, cottony.
Trees, shrubs or rhizomatous herbs or subshrubs. Sepals unequal. Filaments slender, equal or ± unequal. Capsule obovoid or ellipsoid, 3–5-valved, ± hairy or glabrous. Seeds cochleate-reniform, covered with long woolly hairs; embryo curved.
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Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
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Environment

The species prefer a semi-arid or seasonal climate, and in Malaysia occur only in regions with a dry season. Some African species are fire-resistant through a corky layer on the rhizome.
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Hardiness (USDA) 7-11

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