Cochlospermum vitifolium (Willd.) Spreng.

Silk cottontree (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Malvales > Bixaceae > Cochlospermum

Characteristics

Tree 5-12 m high, the trunk 5-10 cm in diam, relatively few-branched, the branchlets minutely puberulous, becoming glabrous. Leaves with the petioles slender, to 30 cm long, minutely puberulous when young, the stipules small, sub-ulate, soon caducous; blade cordate-subeircular in outline, usually (3-)5-palmat-ifid, sometimes (3-)5-palmatilobed, to 30 cm in diam, the lobes with acute to, obtuse sinuses, with the apex acute to long-caudate or long-acuminate and minutely mucronulate, with the margins from distinctly crenate to crenulate-serrulate to sub-entire, and with the midvein prominent beneath, the upper surface slightly shiny and glabrous, the lower surface somewhat paler and finely puberulous especially along the veins to nearly glabrous. Inflorescences terminal and paniculate, the panicles erect and spreading. Flowers with the pedicels to 3 cm long, slightly elon-gated in fruit, puberulous; calyx subcoriaceous, minutely tomentellous and sparsely puberulous, the 2 outer sepals ovate to oblong-obovate, rounded (to sometimes acute?) at the apex, 12-18 mm long and 7-9 mm wide, the 3 inner sepals largely obovate to subrotund, rounded at the apex, 20-22 mm long and 16-20 mm wide; petals obovate, 5-6 cm long, yellow; filaments unequal, 8-20 mm long, glabrous, the anthers oblong-linear, ca 4-6 mm long; ovary subglobose, ca 7-8 mm in diam, puberulous; style to 35 mm long, glabrous. Capsules obovoid-ellipsoid, umbilicate, 5-valved, to 8 cm long, grayish-velvety-tomentellous; seeds reniform, 4-5 mm long, dark brown, densely whitish long-lanate.
More
A small tree. It grows 6-15 m tall. The trunk is 20-50 cm across. It loses its leaves during the year. The flowers are yellow.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.2 - 0.5
Mature height (meter) 6.0 - 15.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It grows in dry tropical forest. It needs a well drained soil and sunny position.
More
Arid, stony scrubland and savannahs. A sub-canopy tree of the dry, tropical forest.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 1-5
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-11

Usage

The stamen of the flowers are used as a saffron substitute. The sap is used to make a beer like drink.
Uses environmental use fiber gum material medicinal wood
Edible -
Therapeutic use Abdominal pain (root), Abscess (unspecified), Asthma (unspecified), Chest (unspecified), Intestine (unspecified), Jaundice (unspecified), Sedative (unspecified), Inflammation (unspecified), Kidney (unspecified), Medicine (unspecified), Pectoral (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It can be easily grown from cuttings. It can form a hedge. It can be grown from seeds,
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Cochlospermum vitifolium habit picture by Daniel Barthelemy (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Cochlospermum vitifolium leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Cochlospermum vitifolium leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Cochlospermum vitifolium leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)

Flower

Cochlospermum vitifolium flower picture by Juan Carlos Ordonez (cc-by-sa)
Cochlospermum vitifolium flower picture by Gonzalez Manuel (cc-by-sa)
Cochlospermum vitifolium flower picture by SINAC Pérez Greivin (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Cochlospermum vitifolium fruit picture by Grzegorz Bunia (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Cochlospermum vitifolium world distribution map, present in Bahamas, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Cameroon, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Fiji, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, French Guiana, Guyana, Honduras, Haiti, Saint Lucia, Mexico, Montserrat, Martinique, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, El Salvador, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America, and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Conservation status

Cochlospermum vitifolium threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:111539-1
WFO ID wfo-0000902633
COL ID WNL5
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447086
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Maximilianea codinae Maximilianea hibiscodes Maximilianea triphylla Maximilianea vitifolia Bombax vitifolium Cochlospermum hibiscoides Cochlospermum serratifolium Cochlospermum triphyllum Cochlospermum luetzeiburgii Cochlospermum luetzelburgii Cochlospermum hibiscoides var. dasycarpum Cochlospermum hibiscoides var. gymnocarpum Cochlospermum codinae Wittelsbachia vitifolia Cochlospermum vitifolium