Coptosperma littorale (Hiern) Degreef

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Rubiaceae > Coptosperma

Characteristics

A leafy much-branched shrub of 6-12 ft. Branches obtusely quadrangular, compressed towards the extremities; bark grey, smooth. Leaves decussate, oval or obovate, rounded at the apex or nearly so, wedge-shaped at the base, 1 1/4-3 1/2 by 2/5-1 2/3 in.; reticulate, shining above, paler beneath; margins recurving; lateral veins about 4-5 pairs, often with little hairy depressions in the axils; petiole 1/6-2/5 in.; stipules rigid, erect, 1/4-1/3 in. long. Flowers about 1/5-1/4 in. long, exclusive of the style which is exserted by nearly the same length, very shortly pedicellate, numerous; common peduncle about 1 in long. Calyx-teeth rounded. Corolla-tube 1/6 in. long; lobes rather shorter. Fruit about 1/4 in. diam.
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Leaf blades 3–10 × 1.3–6 cm, ovate to sometimes obovate, occasionally oblanceolate to narrowly oblanceolate, rounded to obtuse at apex, cuneate at base, coriaceous, dark green and shiny above, paler beneath, with recurved margins; lateral nerves in c. 5 main pairs; tertiary nerves rather coarsely reticulate, not raised above, usually raised and/or drying dark below; domatia as conspicuous depressions lined with hairs often prominent on upper surface; petiole 0.4–1.4 cm long; stipules brownish when dry, 0.5–1 cm long, ovate to triangular, caducous.
Inflorescences terminal, sessile or pedunculate (i.e. supporting leaves small or fallen), congested, corymbose; primary inflorescence branches 3 or sometimes 1 if lateral pair absent, 1.2–2.5 cm long; pedicels absent or very short; bracteoles subtending the calyx tube, opposite with 2 or 4 small scale-like to shortly subulate lobes.
Small tree or shrub, 1.0-9.6 m high. Leaves distinctly petiolate, domatia conspicuous, blades rounded to obtuse at apex, petioles 4-14 mm long. Inflorescence terminal, frequently with additional pairs of axillary inflorescences arising from next 1 or 2 (or 3) nodes down. Flowers whitish.
Corolla whitish; tube narrowly funnel-shaped, 3–4 mm long, glabrous outside, sparsely hairy inside; lobes 1.75–3 × c. 1 mm, ± oblong, obtuse.
Seed blackish-brown, spherical, 4 mm in diameter, finely reticulate; hilar cavity small, irregular; endosperm deeply ruminate.
Shrub or small tree 1–9.6 m tall, glabrous; young branches square in section, covered with off-white to very pale grey bark.
Calyx tube not exceeding 0.75(1) mm long; limb up to 0.5 mm long, divided almost to base into rounded teeth.
Fruit black when dry, 5–7 × 4–6 mm, spherical or slightly longer than wide, 1-seeded; calyx limb persistent.
Placenta small, bearing 2–3 pendulous ovules.
Life form -
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
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Sexuality hermaphrodite
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Mature height (meter) 1.0 - 9.6
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Environment

Light -
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Soil texture 5-6
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Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses -
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use -
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Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

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Distribution

Coptosperma littorale world distribution map, present in Kenya, Mozambique, Tanzania, United Republic of, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Coptosperma littorale threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:20009941-1
WFO ID wfo-0000336094
COL ID Y8G3
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Coptosperma littorale Enterospermum littorale Tarenna littoralis