Cordia caffra Sond.

Species

Angiosperms > Boraginales > Boraginaceae > Cordia

Characteristics

A small tree. The crown is spreading or drooping. The bark is smooth, light and flaking. It grows 6 m tall and spreads 7 m wide. It is taller in forests. It loses its leaves during the year. The leaves are thin and oval and pointed. They are dark green above and paler underneath. They are 6-12 cm long. The flowers are creamy-white and have a scent. They are bell shaped and in clusters at the ends of the stems. The fruit are round and deep orange colour when ripe. They are produced in small clusters. They have a cup shaped calyx around the base.
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Leaves alternate; petiole 2–5 cm. long, slender, canaliculate, glabrous; lamina 3.0–9.5 x 2.5–6.0 cm., lanceolate to widely ovate or elliptical, minutely rusty-tomentose on the very young leaves but glabrous on the mature ones, slightly discolorous, acute to acuminate, rarely obtuse at apex, obtuse to truncate, rarely acute but often asymmetrical at base, with crenate-serrate margins, papery, with 4–6 secondary nerves on each side of the midrib, not prominent on lower surface.
Tree or shrub, 2-10 m high; occasionally stunted. Leaves petiolate; blade ovate, 50-100 x 20-40 mm, base cuneate, apex long acuminate, margins irregularly finely toothed, glabrous; petioles up to 30 mm long. Flowers in scorpioid cymes. Calyx irregularly toothed. Corolla creamy white. Flowering time Aug.-Apr. Fruit a globose drupe, ± 15 mm long, orange.
Corolla whitish, yellowish or greenish; tube 2.5–3.5 mm. long, campanulate or tubular-campanulate, glabrous outside and inside save by some whitish hairs below the insertion of the stamens; lobes 4–5(6), 4.5–6.0 x 2.0–3.5 mm., lanceolate to oblanceolate, acute to obtuse at apex with the margins sinuate, glabrous, reflexed.
Ovary in male flowers c. 1.5 mm. long, globose to conical, in hermaphrodite flowers 2.0–2.5 mm. long, ovoid to obovoid, acute, glabrous; style in male flowers lacking, in hermaphrodite flowers 5.0–6.5 mm. long, first-forked at 0.5–1.5 mm. and with stigmatic branches c. 3 mm. long, linear-flattened.
Stamens 4–5(6), inserted at apex of the corolla tube; anthers 1.3–1.7(2.4) mm. long, oblong or ovate; filaments in male flowers very variable in length, even in the same panicle, usually 1.5–4.5 mm. long, in male flowers 1.8–2.2 mm. long, glabrous or slightly hairy at base.
Small tree or shrub, up to 7 m high. Leaves glabrous at maturity, crenate-serrate; petiole very slender. Panicles pubescent to glabrous, lax. Calyx in flower smooth. Corolla lobes longer than broad. Flowers whitish, yellowish or greenish.
Fruit c. 14 x 9 mm., ovoid, apiculate, glabrous, orange or red when ripe, surrounded at base by the widened cup-shaped calyx; pyrene c. 12 x 8 x 5 mm., laterally compressed, 1–2-seeded.
Shrub or small tree to 7 m. Leaves long-petioled, lanceolate to ovate, margins irregularly serrated. Flowers creamy white. Fruits fleshy, ovoid, in a cup-like calyx, orange or red.
Calyx 4–5 mm. long, tubular-campanulate, irregularly 3–5-toothed, membranous, minutely and sparsely pubescent outside, strigose inside mainly in the upper part.
Cymes arranged in a small lax panicle, terminal and often on short lateral branches; rhachis and branches at first pubescent, becoming glabrous.
Shrub or small tree up to 7 m. high, deciduous; branches greyish, glabrous; branchlets rusty-pubescent but soon glabrescent.
Flowers hermaphrodite and male on pedicels 1–5 mm. long; buds globose, at last obovoid.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 7.0
Mature height (meter) 6.5 - 7.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a subtropical plant. It is hardy to light frosts. It can grow in sun or shade. It usually grows in dry forest.
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Dune bush and coastal forest, and inland in woodland and on forest margins.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The fruit can be eaten fresh or used in jams, desserts and preserves.
Uses material medicinal wood
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Cordia caffra leaf picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)
Cordia caffra leaf picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Cordia caffra world distribution map, present in Botswana, Madagascar, Mozambique, eSwatini, and South Africa

Conservation status

Cordia caffra threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:114017-1
WFO ID wfo-0000620322
COL ID YB93
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Lithocardium caffrum Gerascanthus caffra Cordia zeyheri Cordia erosa Cordia natalensis Cordia caffra