Cordia dichotoma G.Forst.

Fragrant manjack (en), Gommier (fr), Faux gommier (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Boraginales > Boraginaceae > Cordia

Characteristics

Tree or shrub, 6-20(-27) m high. Younger branches grey, greyish brown to brownish, glabrous. Leaves: petiole 1-4.5 cm long; blade ovate, ovate-lanceolate, broadly ovate, rarely suborbicular, 2—12(—16 in sterile branches) by 1.2-10 cm, margin entire, wavy, sometimes crenulate towards apex, papyraceous to coriaceous, base rounded-decurrent to oblique truncate to subcordate, apex acute, acuminate, obtuse to rounded, nerves (3-)4-5 on each side, prominent below, mostly small whitish, flat groups of mineralized cells in 2 circles on upper, sparsely hairy or with more numerous hairs along nerves on lower side. Inflorescence subcorymbose to subthyrsoid, with pseudo-dichotomous branching, terminal on slender lateral branches with 2-4 leaves, rarely lateral, with a highly variable number of flowers. Calyx cup-shaped, expanded in fruit from a narrow base, 3-5 mm long, slightly accrescent in fruit, 3-4 mm wide in flower, 6-10 mm in fruit, with short, dense hairs in flower, later glabrescent, lobes shortly triangular, reflexed. Corolla cylindrical-campanulate, white, 5-6(-8) mm long, tube 3 mm, limb 5 mm in diam., lobes 5, oblong, reflexed, 2 by 1 mm. Stamens long exserted. Fruit ovoid, c. 10(—15) mm long, c. 8(—10) mm in transverse diam. Fig. 4.
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Trees 3-4(-20) m tall. Petiole 2-5 cm; leaf blade ovate to broadly ovate or elliptic, 6-13 × 4-9 cm, sparsely pubescent or glabrous, base rounded to broadly cuneate, margin usually subundulate to undulate dentate, rarely entire, apex obtuse to mucronate. Inflorescences terminating leafy lateral branches, dichotomously branched into corymbose cymes, widely spaced, 5-8 cm wide. Flowers dimorphic, sessile. Calyx campanulate, 5-6 mm, 5-lobed; lobes unequal, triangular. Corolla white, ca. as long as calyx; lobes shorter than tube, margin somewhat undulate. Filaments of staminate flowers ca. 3.5 mm, filaments of bisexual flowers 1-2 mm. Rudimentary pistil globose. Style united portion 1-1.5 mm, first branches ca. 1 mm, second branches 2-3 mm; stigma spatulate. Drupes yellow or reddish, subglobose, 1-1.5 cm in diam., with sticky mesocarp, surrounded by persistent calyx. Fl. Feb-Apr, fr. Jun-Aug. 2n = 48, 50.
A medium sized tree, that loses its leaves at some times of the year. They are 5 to 15 m high. It can grow up to 27 m tall and be 50 cm across in the trunk. The tree has spreading branches. The bark is 2 cm thick and grey. It is deeply cracked. The leaves are alternate, smooth and pointed at both ends. They have 2-3, easy to see, veins. The veins are hairy on the underside. They are 5-8 cm long and 2-4 cm wide. The leaf stalk is 3-4 cm long. The flowers are white or yellow, and borne in flower clusters at the ends of branches. The flower clusters are 1-5 cm across, while individual flowers are 2 mm across. The flowers are orange, and funnel shaped at the base. Male and both sex flowers occur on separate trees. The fruit are yellowish white or pink, and soft but with a hard stone. They are 2 cm across and contain a sticky juice. The fruit is sweet and edible.
Pending. See references in Bibliography.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 6.0 - 10.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It grows near rainforests and near the coast. It suits humid locations. It can tolerate wind and salt spray. It is very sensitive to frost. It requires a well drained soil, in a sunny position. They are common and widely distributed in secondary forest and open places at low altitudes in the Philippines. In Nepal it grows between 300-1400 m altitude. In India is grows in all warmer parts of the subcontinent. It can grow in arid places. In Yunnan.
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Open woods on slopes, mountain streamsides. Found in a variety of forests ranging from the dry deciduous to moist deciduous and tidal forests as well as in moist monsoon forest. Grows singly in moist shady ravines and valleys.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The pulpy portion of the ripe fruit is eaten raw or stewed. Immature fruit are pickled or eaten in curries. The seeds are also claimed to be edible, but it is not sure if treatment was needed before eating. Oil is extracted from the seeds and used in cooking. The young leaves and shoots are cooked as a vegetable. The flowers are also eaten.
Uses animal food construction environmental use food fuel material medicinal oil vertebrate poison wood
Edible flowers fruits leaves seeds
Therapeutic use Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (bark), Anthelmintics (bark), Antiviral agents (bark), Blister (bark), Colic (bark), Diarrhea (bark), Dyspepsia (bark), Erysipelas (bark), Fever (bark), Helminthiasis (bark), Hematologic diseases (bark), Leprosy (bark), Leprosy, lepromatous (bark), Pain (bark), Pregnancy complications (bark), Skin diseases (bark), Smallpox (bark), Spider bites (bark), Ulcer (bark), Anthelmintics (fruit), Anti-bacterial agents (fruit), Antifungal agents (fruit), Aphrodisiacs (fruit), Arthralgia (fruit), Asthma (fruit), Astringents (fruit), Bronchial diseases (fruit), Bronchitis (fruit), Common cold (fruit), Cough (fruit), Demulcents (fruit), Diuretics (fruit), Emollients (fruit), Expectorants (fruit), Fever (fruit), Hematologic diseases (fruit), Hemorrhage (fruit), Infertility, male (fruit), Laryngeal diseases (fruit), Leprosy (fruit), Lung diseases (fruit), Pain (fruit), Pectoralis muscles (fruit), Skin diseases (fruit), Splenic diseases (fruit), Syphilis (fruit), Thirst (fruit), Ulcer (fruit), Urethritis (fruit), Urinary tract infections (fruit), Urination disorders (fruit), Wound healing (fruit), Urethral diseases (fruit), Anthelmintics (leaf), Anti-infective agents (leaf), Antispermatogenic agents (leaf), Aphrodisiacs (leaf), Common cold (leaf), Cough (leaf), Demulcents (leaf), Diuretics (leaf), Dysentery (leaf), Eye pain (leaf), Gonorrhea (leaf), Headache (leaf), Hypnotics and sedatives (leaf), Insecticides (leaf), Pregnancy complications (leaf), Syphilis (leaf), Ulcer (leaf), Anthelmintics (seed), Antifungal agents (seed), Anti-inflammatory agents (seed), Hemagglutination (seed), Anti-infective agents (stem), Insecticides (stem), Demulcent (unspecified), Astringent (unspecified), Expectorant (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Ringworm (unspecified), Tumor(Breast) (unspecified), Urogenital (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Piscicide (unspecified), Chest (unspecified), Gout (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Anthelmintics (unspecified), Antifungal agents (unspecified), Astringents (unspecified), Bronchial diseases (unspecified), Cholera (unspecified), Demulcents (unspecified), Diuretics (unspecified), Edema (unspecified), Erysipelas (unspecified), Expectorants (unspecified), Hypersensitivity (unspecified), Intestinal diseases, parasitic (unspecified), Lung diseases (unspecified), Scorpion stings (unspecified), Snake bites (unspecified), Splenic diseases (unspecified), Ulcer (unspecified), Urinary tract infections (unspecified), Urticaria (unspecified), Antiprotozoal agents (whole plant excluding root), Central nervous system diseases (whole plant excluding root), Diuretics (whole plant excluding root), Hypothermia (whole plant excluding root)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed. The seed should be sown fresh. It can also be grown from semi-ripe cuttings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Cordia dichotoma leaf picture by Binodkumar Regmi (cc-by-sa)
Cordia dichotoma leaf picture by Nneka Allicock (cc-by-sa)
Cordia dichotoma leaf picture by Michel G (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Cordia dichotoma fruit picture by Lamu FED (cc-by-sa)
Cordia dichotoma fruit picture by Binodkumar Regmi (cc-by-sa)
Cordia dichotoma fruit picture by Claude Hervais (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Cordia dichotoma world distribution map, present in Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Bangladesh, Barbados, Bhutan, China, Cuba, Fiji, Guadeloupe, Grenada, Indonesia, India, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Saint Lucia, Sri Lanka, Mexico, Myanmar, Montserrat, Martinique, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Singapore, Seychelles, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Taiwan, Province of China, United States of America, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and Viet Nam

Conservation status

Cordia dichotoma threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:114098-1
WFO ID wfo-0000620417
COL ID 6B2HR
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447011
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Lithocardium subdentatum Lithocardium platyphyllum Lithocardium suaveolens Lithocardium griffithii Cordia brownii Cordia ixiocarpa Varronia integerrima Sebestena indica Gerascanthus suaveolens Cordia wallichii Cordia dichotoma Cordia premnifolia Cordia suaveolens Cordia tremula Gerascanthus dichotomus Varronia sinensis Cordia obliqua Cordia indica Cordia latifolia Cordia loureiroi Cordia tomentosa Cordia myxa var. ixiocarpa Cordia obliqua var. wallichii Lithocardium tremulum Cordia griffithii Gerascanthus griffithii