Cordia myxa L.

Assyrian plum (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Boraginales > Boraginaceae > Cordia

Characteristics

Tree 6–12 m. tall, sometimes rather twisted, with young stems hairy but soon glabrous, older with circular petiolar scars.. Leaves broadly ovate to subcircular, or sometimes obovate, 3–18 cm. long, 3–20 cm. wide, rounded to cordate or cuneate at the base, rounded to shortly obtusely acuminate at the apex, entire or repand-dentate, subcoriaceous, glabrous above, glabrous to ± densely pubescent beneath or even velvety; petiole 0.6–3.5 cm. long, glabrous or sparsely hairy.. Cymes in terminal lax panicles, often on short lateral branches, 3–8.5 cm. long, 2–7 cm. wide, axes glabrous to sparsely pubescent; pedicels 1–2 mm. long, articulate at the apex.. Male: calyx campanulate, 4.5–5.5 mm. long, 3-lobed, glabrous outside, pubescent to tomentose at apex inside; corolla white; tube 3.5–4.5 mm. long; lobes 5, elliptic, 5 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, reflexed; stamens exserted, the filaments 1.5–3.5 mm. long, hairy at the base; ovary rudimentary and style absent.. Female: calyx tubular-campanulate, 6–8.5 mm. long, irregularly 3–4-toothed, glabrous outside save for tips of lobes, densely pubescent inside; corolla-tube 4.5–6.5 mm. long; lobes 4–6, elliptic to obovate, 5–7 mm. long, 2.5–3.5 mm. wide, reflexed and rolled up; stamens with filaments 1.5–2.5 mm. long, ± pubescent; anthers sterile; ovary ellipsoid or obovoid, 2.5–3.5 mm. long, 2–2.7 mm. wide; style exserted, 8–9 mm. long, deeply divided into 4 stigmatic branches 4–5 mm. long, flattened and subfoliaceous with irregular or erose-denticulate margins.. Fruit yellow, apricot or blackish, ovoid, (1.2–)2–3.5 cm. long, apiculate, held in the accrescent campanulate calyx (0.7–1 cm. long, 1.2–1.5(–2) cm. wide), which is ± obscurely lobed or subtruncate; pulp mucilaginous and sweet; endocarp broadly ellipsoid or ± globose, ± 1.2 cm. long, 1 cm. wide, deeply rugose, 4-locular but only 1 seed developing.. Fig. 1/3.
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Leaves alternate; petiole 1.5–4.5 cm. long, stout, glabrous or subglabrous; lamina 5–16 x 5–16 cm., broadly ovate to circular, glabrous or hairy only on the nerves above, pubescent to subglabrous but hairy at the axils below, rounded to shortly and obtusely acuminate at apex, obtuse to subcordate, rarely subacute at base, margins entire to slightly dentate or crenate-dentate, leathery, with 3–7 nerves from the base, the middle one with 3–5 secondary nerves on each side, net-veined.
A shrubby evergreen tree. It grows to 12 m high. The trunk can be 1-1.5 m wide. The leaves are broad and pointed and have teeth along the edges. The male and female flowers are white or cream and in loose panicles at the ends of branches. The fruit are small and nutlike. They are yellow, orange-pink or black. It has sweet, sticky flesh.
Fruit up to 30 mm. long, ovoid or globose, apiculate, glabrous, yellowish when ripe, surrounded at base by the widely enlarged campanulate calyx; pyrene c. 25 x 12 x 8 mm., more or less subwinged, 1–2-seeded.
Flowers variable, apparently all male but probably functionally unisexual and bisexual; buds 4–5 mm. long, obovoid, puberulous or pubescent on the upper part and sometimes brush-like at apex.
Ovary c. 3 mm. long, ellipsoid; style c. 8 mm. long in total length with stigmatic branches c. 5 mm. long, oblong, wide flattened with ± deeply toothed or lobed margins.
Corolla cream-coloured, glabrous; tube 3.5–6.5 mm. long, cylindrical; lobes 4–6, 5–7 x 2.0–3.5 mm., elliptic to obovate, obtuse at apex, reflexed and ± coiled.
Cymes arranged in few-flowered lax terminal panicles, 3–8 cm. long, sometimes on short lateral branches; rhachis and branches glabrous or subglabrous.
Stamens inserted at the corolla-throat; filaments 1.5–3.5 mm. long, hairy at the base; anthers 1.8–2.0 mm. long, oblong-sagittate, sometimes sterile.
Calyx 5–8 mm. long, narrowly campanulate, irregularly 3–5-toothed, glabrous or subglabrous outside, densely pubescent inside.
Small tree up to 10 m. high with spreading crown and long glabrous or subglabrous young shoots; leaf scars very prominent.
A shrub or tree up to 40 ft. high with stout stem, nearly glabrous branchlets
Cream-white flowers 1/3 in. long in lax paniculate cymes.
Pending. See references in Bibliography.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 2.0
Mature height (meter) 8.0 - 11.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Not known in a truly wild situation, it occurs spontaneously around villages and old abandoned habitations in west Africa, where it may at one time have been cultivated. Dry deciduous woodland, mainly on alluvial soil up to 1,500 metres.
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A tropical plant. It grows on rocky soils. It grows in dry to moist deciduous forests between 200-1,500 m above sea level. It can grow in deserts and arid conditions. It suits hardiness zones 11-12.
Light 4-7
Soil humidity 2-7
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

The leaves are boiled in water then mixed with salt and chilli peppers. The flowers are also eaten. The ripe fruit are eaten. They are mixed with honey to make a sweetmeat. The seed kernels are eaten. The young tender fruit are eaten as a vegetable. They are also pickled. They can be dried and stored.
Uses animal food dye environmental use fiber food fuel gene source material medicinal social use wood
Edible flowers fruits leaves nuts seeds shoots
Therapeutic use Diuretics (aerial part), Hypothermia (aerial part), Dyspepsia (bark), Fever (bark), Headache (bark), Ulcer (bark), Anthelmintics (fruit), Astringents (fruit), Demulcents (fruit), Diuretics (fruit), Lung diseases (fruit), Splenic diseases (fruit), Urinary tract infections (fruit), Urologic diseases (fruit), Antifungal agents (seed), Bronchitis (unspecified), Catarrh (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Emollient (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Intestine (unspecified), Flu (unspecified), Pectoral (unspecified), Pertussis (unspecified), Stomach (unspecified), Chest (unspecified), Tumor(Abdomen) (unspecified), Demulcent (unspecified), Urogenital (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Cholera (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Edema (unspecified), Scorpion stings (unspecified), Snake bites (unspecified), Urticaria (unspecified), Common cold (unspecified), Emollients (unspecified), Influenza, human (unspecified), Pectoralis muscles (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed. Seeds are soaked in cold water for 6 hours before planting and then germinate in 40-60 days. Seedlings in a nursery can be planted out after 4-6 months. It can also be grown by stem cuttings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Cordia myxa leaf picture by indu sankhla (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Cordia myxa fruit picture by harith harirh (cc-by-sa)
Cordia myxa fruit picture by botany arvind (cc-by-sa)
Cordia myxa fruit picture by indu sankhla (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Cordia myxa world distribution map, present in Australia, Benin, Burkina Faso, Brazil, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Cyprus, Egypt, Ethiopia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Kenya, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Mali, Myanmar, Mozambique, Malawi, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Viet Nam, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Cordia myxa threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:97109-3
WFO ID wfo-0000620765
COL ID YBL2
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 807263
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Sebestena officinalis Cordia myxa Ehretia glabra Cordia paniculata Cordia petta-pelioporet Gerascanthus myxus Ehretia glabra Lithocardium myxa Quarena indica Bourreria glabra Cordia latifolia Cordia officinalis Cordia scabrifolia Cordia sebestena Vitex gomphophylla Sebestena myxa