Coriandrum sativum L.

Coriander (en), Coriandre cultivée (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Apiales > Apiaceae > Coriandrum

Characteristics

Erect annual herb (10–)20–80 cm. tall, glabrous, with an unpleasant sweet-musky smell.. Stems terete, finely striate, simple to considerably branched.. Primary leaves simple, small, oblanceolate, soon withering; basal leaves broadly trilobed to pinnate or sometimes bipinnate, with 1–4 pairs of pinnae; pinnae broad, ± 1.25–3 × 1–2.5 cm., cuneate-based, at least the terminal broadly trilobed, with ovate to oblong teeth, generally also withered by the time fruit is set; petioles long, 3–10(–18) cm.; upper leaves regularly or commonly irregularly pinnately divided into narrow linear, mucronate, ± 2–12 × 0.4–2 mm. segments, petiole rapidly diminishing and most of the upper leaves sessile on the sheaths, lamina ovate to oblong in outline; leaf sheaths shortly oblong, broadly membranous-margined, nervose, 5–15 mm.; demarcation between broadly dissected lower leaves and finely divided upper leaves usually well-marked, sometimes more gradual.. Peduncles of umbels ± 1–6 cm.; umbels mostly 3–6-rayed (rarely more), rays 5–22 mm.; involucre absent or of a single narrowly linear bract; partial umbels ± 8–20-flowered on 2–4 mm. pedicels; involucel of 2–5 linear bracteoles subequalling the pedicels; all flowers fertile or usually a variable number of inner flowers functionally ♂ with very reduced styles.. Petals white to pinkish, the outer 2 of outer flowers strongly radiant, obcordate, to ± 4–5 mm., others ± 1 mm.. Fruit subglobose or slightly longer than broad, 4–6 mm.; secondary ribs prominent, primary low and very sinuose; styles slender, 1.5–2 mm., much longer than the conical stylopodia; 2 broad, conspicuous, purplish-brown vittae on the commissural face of each mericarp, sometimes reportedly absent; forms with 3 carpels and styles occur occasionally, but have not been seen in African material.. Fig. 10.
More
Annual, entirely glabrous. Stems to 75 cm, terete, striate. Lower leaves palmatilobate to-partite, middle leaves pinnate, segments gradually narrower, obtuse, upper leaves pinnate to bipinnate, segments ½ mm broad. Compound umbels terminal or seemingly lateral, peduncles 2-10 cm; rays 3-5, 1-2½ cm; pedicels 3-5 mm; involucres 0-1, to 5 mm; involucels 3-5, to 5 by ½ mm, linear. Calyx teeth nearly 1 mm, triangular-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, somewhat radiating. Petals white, radiating, outer ones 3-4 mm, all deeply bipartite with inflexed tips. Mericarps 4 by 2 mm, inside hollow, forming a nearly globose fruit; primary ribs undulated lines, secondary ribs subprominent, filiformous.
Plants to 60 cm high. Basal and lower leaves pinnate to 2-pinnatisect; petiole to 13 cm, shortly sheathing at base; blade ovate, to 14 × 8 cm; pinnae broadly ovate or flabelliform, 1–2 × 1–1.5 cm, variously toothed or incised; ultimate segments broad. Mid and upper cauline leaves ternate-2–3-pinnatisect, reducing up the stem; ultimate segments linear to filiform, 2–15 × 0.5–1.5 mm, obtuse, entire. Peduncles 2–10 cm; rays 2–8, 1–2.5 cm; bracteoles 2–5, linear, entire; umbellules 3–9-flowered. Pedicels 2–5 mm. Calyx teeth ovate-deltoid or ovate-lanceolate, unequal. Fruit 1.5–5 mm wide. Fl. and fr. Apr–Nov.
An annual herb up to 70 cm high. It spreads to 50 cm across. It has a fleshy taproot. The stem is erect and finely grooved. The leaves are compound, and divided along their length. The lower leaves have lobes, while the upper leaves are finely divided. The leaves are bright green, and glossy. Flowers are pink to white. They occur in flat arrangements, with stalks coming from the same point. The plant has an unpleasant smell until the fruit ripens. The fruit are pale brown. The fruit have lines along them. Some lines are wavy and some are straight.
Annual herb, up to 1 m high, strongly aromatic. Stem erect, with slender taproot. Leaves pinnate or bipinnate, dimorphic; lower ones with broad, cuneate segments, upper ones with slender, linear segments. Flowers in terminal and lateral umbels; involucre inconspicuous or absent. Calyx with conspicuous, triangular teeth, outer ones larger. Petals white to pink, outer ones of outer flowers much enlarged. Flowering time Sept.-Feb. Fruit globose, glabrous, with inconspicuous blunt ribs; vittae absent; carpophore bipartite. Seeds concave on inner face.
Erect annual. Stems solid, finely grooved, striate, up to 40 cm high. Basal lvs 1-pinnate, petiolate; leaflets pinnatifid or irregularly lobed, serrate, sessile, c. 10-30 mm long. Stem lvs dissimilar to basal, 2-4-pinnate, shortly petiolate; segments linear. Umbels 1-3 cm diam.; rays 3-6; bracts 0-1, linear; bracteoles usually 3-4, linear. Fls few to numerous, white or pink, the outer irregular, up to 6 mm diam. Fr. globose, reddish brown, c. 4-5 mm long; mericarps not separating at maturity.
Annual herb. Flowering stems up to 0.7 m high; erect, glabrous. Leaves radical and cauline, compound; basal ones 1-or 2-pinnate, segments ovate in overall outline, apices acute, base cuneate; upper leaves finely divided into linear segments. Flowers: involucral bracts 0; outer petals of outer flowers in each umbel much enlarged, 5-6 mm long; white to pinkish; Oct. Fruit suborbicular, ribs filiform, zigzag markings between them.
Erect, branched above, 3–7 dm; lowest lvs simple or variously divided into obovate incised segments; upper lvs pinnately dissected into linear segments; outer enlarged pet to 4 mm; fr 3–5 mm wide; sep persistent, those of the outer row of frs 1 mm or more; 2n=22. Native of the Mediterranean region, established as a weed over much of the U.S., especially southward. June, July.
Annual herb, up to 0.7 m high. Lower leaves 1-or 2-pinnate, segments ovate in overall outline; with cuneate base. Upper leaves finely divided into linear segments. Mericarps suborbicular, with obtuse filiform ribs, with zigzag markings between them. Outer petals of outer flowers in each umbel much enlarged. Flowers white to pinkish white.
Upper leaves finely divided into a linear to narrowly linear segments 2–15 × 0·5–1·0 mm., obviously markedly different from the basal leaves but sometimes connected by intermediate types on the lower-middle part of the stem.
Lower leaves 1–2-pinnate, segments 10–20 × 5–10 mm., ovate in overall outline, with a regularly cuneate base, somewhat unevenly divided into pinnate lobes.
Fruit 2–3 mm. in diameter, suborbicular, slightly longer than broad. Mericarps with obtuse filiform ribs, with zigzag markings between them.
Umbels terminal and lateral; bracts O; rays 3–7 (10), 1–2 cm. long; partial umbels with 2–7 flowers; bracteoles few, linear-lanceolate.
An erect annual, almost glabrous herb up to 70 cm., with a slender taproot and a strong unpleasant smell.
Stems often simple, but in large plants may be profusely branched, with fine regular grooves.
Styles long and slender, often eroded from the conical stylopodium before maturity.
Vittae absent; seed concave on the inner face: carpophore divided to the base.
Petals white to pinkish-white; the outer ones distinctly radiate.
Calyx teeth narrowly triangular and quite conspicuous.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) 0.75
Mature height (meter) 0.45 - 0.6
Root system tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A Mediterranean plant. Sometimes it does not set seed in the lowland tropics. It grows up to about 2200 m altitude in the tropics. It prefers light to medium, well-drained soils. It suits an open sunny position. It is drought and frost tender. In Nepal it grows to 3000 m altitude. It can grow in arid places. It suits hardiness zones 6-9.
More
Waste places and arable land, often by the sides of rivers.
Waste places and arable land, often by the sides of rivers.
Light 5-8
Soil humidity 2-6
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-9

Usage

The dried fruit are used in curry and flavourings. The seeds are boiled and used as a drink. The young plants and leaves are used in soups, sauces and as flavourings. The root is also crushed and used as a seasoning.
More
Uses. Fruit as spice; mixed with rice in preparing yeast; leaves for flavouring foods; medicinal as a mild stimulant.
Uses animal food environmental use essential oil food food additive gene source material medicinal non-vertebrate poison oil seasoning social use spice
Edible flowers fruits leaves roots seeds
Therapeutic use Antiviral agents (aerial part), Abdominal pain (fruit), Analgesics (fruit), Anorexia (fruit), Anthelmintics (fruit), Anti-arrhythmia agents (fruit), Anti-bacterial agents (fruit), Anti-infective agents (fruit), Anti-inflammatory agents (fruit), Antioxidants (fruit), Antipyretics (fruit), Antirheumatic agents (fruit), Aphrodisiacs (fruit), Appetite stimulants (fruit), Bronchitis (fruit), Carbuncle (fruit), Cardiovascular system (fruit), Central nervous system diseases (fruit), Colic (fruit), Common cold (fruit), Conjunctivitis (fruit), Cough (fruit), Diarrhea (fruit), Diuretics (fruit), Dizziness (fruit), Dysentery (fruit), Dyspepsia (fruit), Edema (fruit), Disorder of ejaculation (fruit), Emollients (fruit), Epistaxis (fruit), Erysipelas (fruit), Exanthema (fruit), Expectorants (fruit), Eye infections (fruit), Fever (fruit), Flatulence (fruit), Gastrointestinal diseases (fruit), Gout (fruit), Headache (fruit), Helminthiasis (fruit), Hemorrhage (fruit), Hemorrhoids (fruit), Intestinal diseases (fruit), Laryngeal diseases (fruit), Leukorrhea (fruit), Liver diseases (fruit), Neuralgia (fruit), Oral ulcer (fruit), Pain (fruit), Pectoralis muscles (fruit), Pharyngitis (fruit), General tonic for rejuvenation (fruit), Rheumatic fever (fruit), Thirst (fruit), Tuberculosis, lymph node (fruit), Urination disorders (fruit), Vomiting (fruit), Cooling effect on body (fruit), Abscess (leaf), Analgesics (leaf), Antacids (leaf), Antifungal agents (leaf), Anti-inflammatory agents (leaf), Antipyretics (leaf), Common cold (leaf), Conjunctivitis (leaf), Diabetes mellitus (leaf), Diarrhea (leaf), Dyspepsia (leaf), Earache (leaf), Epistaxis (leaf), Erythema (leaf), Eye diseases (leaf), Flatulence (leaf), Furunculosis (leaf), Gingival hemorrhage (leaf), Halitosis (leaf), Hemorrhage (leaf), Hemorrhoids (leaf), Hemostatics (leaf), Hiccup (leaf), Hypnotics and sedatives (leaf), Insecticides (leaf), Jaundice (leaf), Laryngeal diseases (leaf), Pain (leaf), General tonic for rejuvenation (leaf), Suppuration (leaf), Toothache (leaf), Vitiligo (leaf), Vomiting (leaf), Antifungal agents (root), Abdominal pain (seed), Anthelmintics (seed), Anti-bacterial agents (seed), Antifungal agents (seed), Anti-infective agents (seed), Antipyretics (seed), Antirheumatic agents (seed), Aphrodisiacs (seed), Appetite stimulants (seed), Carbuncle (seed), Chickenpox (seed), Colic (seed), Diuretics (seed), Dyspepsia (seed), Disorder of ejaculation (seed), Eye infections (seed), Fertility agents (seed), Flatulence (seed), Halitosis (seed), Headache (seed), Hemorrhoids (seed), Intestinal diseases (seed), Leukorrhea (seed), Neuralgia (seed), Pectoralis muscles (seed), General tonic for rejuvenation (seed), Ulcer (seed), Urination disorders (seed), Vomiting (seed), Cooling effect on body (seed), Earache (shoot), Anemia, hemolytic (stem), Antifungal agents (stem), Dyspepsia (stem), Flatulence (stem), Hemorrhoids (stem), Headache (unspecified), Ache(Stomach) (unspecified), Alexiteric (unspecified), Antidote (unspecified), Apertif (unspecified), Aphrodisiac (unspecified), Aromatic (unspecified), Bilious (unspecified), Carminative (unspecified), Condyloma (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Emmenagogue (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Flux (unspecified), Halitosis (unspecified), Hernia (unspecified), Intoxication (unspecified), Measles (unspecified), Nausea (unspecified), Nerves (unspecified), Ophthalmia (unspecified), Pectoral (unspecified), Piles (unspecified), Refrigerant (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Sedative (unspecified), Soap (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Spasm (unspecified), Splenitis (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified), Stomachic (unspecified), Syphilis (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Toothache (unspecified), Venereal (unspecified), Digestive (unspecified), Ptomaine (unspecified), Tumor(Abdomen) (unspecified), Hysteria (unspecified), Sclerosis(Limb) (unspecified), Anthelmintics (unspecified), Anti-infective agents, local (unspecified), Antineoplastic agents (unspecified), Antirheumatic agents (unspecified), Antitubercular agents (unspecified), Aphrodisiacs (unspecified), Carbuncle (unspecified), Cardiotonic agents (unspecified), Colic (unspecified), Common cold (unspecified), Conjunctivitis (unspecified), Diabetes mellitus (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Diuretics (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Dyspnea (unspecified), Flatulence (unspecified), Gastroenteritis (unspecified), Hemorrhoids (unspecified), Hyperlipidemias (unspecified), Inflammatory bowel diseases (unspecified), Intestinal diseases, parasitic (unspecified), Neuralgia (unspecified), Pain (unspecified), Parasympatholytics (unspecified), General tonic for rejuvenation (unspecified), Scorpion stings (unspecified), Sexually transmitted diseases (unspecified), Snake bites (unspecified), Splenic diseases (unspecified), Thirst (unspecified), Ulcer (unspecified), Urination disorders (unspecified), Urologic diseases (unspecified), Wounds and injuries (unspecified), Cooling effect on body (unspecified), Anti-bacterial agents (whole plant), Erythema (whole plant)
Human toxicity phototoxic (aerial)
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed. They are planted where they are to grow.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 10 - 20
Germination temperacture (C°) 15
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 15 - 25
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Coriandrum sativum habit picture by Martin Bishop (cc-by-sa)
Coriandrum sativum habit picture by abigail a (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Coriandrum sativum leaf picture by Aurélien Culat (cc-by-sa)
Coriandrum sativum leaf picture by Alexandre Hache (cc-by-sa)
Coriandrum sativum leaf picture by ellen ellen (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Coriandrum sativum flower picture by Erich 🦅 (cc-by-sa)
Coriandrum sativum flower picture by thomas griesohn (cc-by-sa)
Coriandrum sativum flower picture by Alexandre Hache (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Coriandrum sativum fruit picture by Erich 🦅 (cc-by-sa)
Coriandrum sativum fruit picture by Rimsky Vadim (cc-by-sa)
Coriandrum sativum fruit picture by François Priour (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Coriandrum sativum world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Angola, Anguilla, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Benin, Bangladesh, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belarus, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Bhutan, Central African Republic, Canada, Switzerland, China, Cameroon, Colombia, Cabo Verde, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Germany, Dominican Republic, Algeria, Ecuador, Egypt, Spain, Estonia, Fiji, France, Georgia, Greece, Guatemala, Honduras, Croatia, Haiti, Hungary, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Libya, Lithuania, Latvia, Morocco, Mexico, North Macedonia, Myanmar, Montenegro, Mongolia, Mozambique, Mauritius, Malaysia, Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Puerto Rico, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Portugal, Paraguay, Réunion, Romania, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, El Salvador, Serbia, Slovakia, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Taiwan, Province of China, Ukraine, United States of America, Uzbekistan, Viet Nam, Yemen, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:840760-1
WFO ID wfo-0000621274
COL ID 6B3DT
BDTFX ID 18928
INPN ID 92465
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Bifora loureiroi Coriandropsis syriaca Coriandrum diversifolium Coriandrum globosum Coriandrum melphitense Selinum coriandrum Coriandrum majus Sium coriandrum Coriandrum majus Coriandrum sativum var. afghanicum Coriandrum sativum var. africanum Coriandrum sativum var. anatolicum Coriandrum sativum var. arabicum Coriandrum sativum subsp. asiaticum Coriandrum sativum subsp. indicum Coriandrum sativum var. indicum Coriandrum sativum var. microcarpum Coriandrum sativum var. pygmaeum Coriandrum sativum subsp. vavilovii Coriandrum sativum var. vavilovii Coriandrum sativum var. asiaticum Coriandrum sativum