Cornus sanguinea L.

Bloodtwig dogwood (en), Cornouiller sanguin (fr), Sanguine (fr), Cornouiller femelle (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Cornales > Cornaceae > Cornus

Characteristics

Shrubs, to 3 m, flowering at 1 m; rhizomes absent. Stems clustered; bark maroon to reddish brown, not corky, loosely verrucose; branchlets reddish brown to yellow to maroon, appressed-hairy when young; lenticels protruding on 2d year branches; pith white. Leaves: petiole 5–38 mm; blade elliptic to narrowly ovate, 4–17 × 1.5–12 cm, base attenuate, apex acuminate, abaxial surface white, hairs erect and appressed, tufts of erect hairs present in axils of secondary veins, adaxial surface green, hairs erect; secondary veins 3–5 per side, most arising from proximal 1/2. Inflorescences flat-topped, 3–6 cm diam., peduncle 20–40 mm; branches and pedicels green, turning maroon in fruit. Flowers: hypanthium densely appressed-hairy; sepals 0.2–0.6 mm; petals white, 2.5–4 mm. Drupes purple-black, globose or subglobose, 6–10 mm diam.; stone globose, 4–6 mm diam., smooth or slightly grooved, apex rounded. 2n = 22.
More
A deciduous shrub. It grows 4.5 m tall. The shoots are red-green. The leaves are narrowly oval and pale green and hairy. They have 3-4 main veins. They have short stalks. The leaves turn red-purple in autumn. The flowers are white and have a scent. They are 8-10 mm across. They occur in dense clusters. The fruit are blue-black. They are round and 5-8 mm across.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread endozoochory
Mature width (meter) 1.5 - 2.5
Mature height (meter) 2.5 - 3.0
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Temperate. It grows in woodland and on the edges of ditches and roadsides. It is best in calcareous soils. It is resistant to frost but damaged by drought. Melbourne Botanical gardens. It suits hardiness zones 7-9.
More
Mixed woods, scrub and hedgerows, especially on calcareous soils.
Light 3-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 4-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-8

Usage

The fruit are eaten as a snack. They are also used for jam and syrup.
Uses charcoal dye environmental use material medicinal oil ornamental poison timber wood
Edible fruits seeds
Therapeutic use Fever (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It can be grown by seeds or cuttings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 90 - 730
Germination temperacture (C°) 16 - 18
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -35
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Cornus sanguinea habit picture by López Javier (cc-by-sa)
Cornus sanguinea habit picture by Claudine Bornot (cc-by-sa)
Cornus sanguinea habit picture by Florent Beck (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Cornus sanguinea leaf picture by Johnny Hardy (cc-by-sa)
Cornus sanguinea leaf picture by Beatrice Sacchi (cc-by-sa)
Cornus sanguinea leaf picture by Albane Durand (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Cornus sanguinea flower picture by mdiest (cc-by-sa)
Cornus sanguinea flower picture by Tomas Tomas (cc-by-sa)
Cornus sanguinea flower picture by errico lupi (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Cornus sanguinea fruit picture by Jacques Zuber (cc-by-sa)
Cornus sanguinea fruit picture by Vetrovsky Tomas (cc-by-sa)
Cornus sanguinea fruit picture by yoan L (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Cornus sanguinea world distribution map, present in Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Belarus, Canada, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Spain, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Malaysia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Sweden, Turks and Caicos Islands, Ukraine, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:271661-1
WFO ID wfo-0000924828
COL ID YGMF
BDTFX ID 75064
INPN ID 92501
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Swida sanguinea Thelycrania sanguinea Cornus sanguinea Cornus citrifolia Cornus sanguinea subsp. czerniaewii

Lower taxons

Cornus sanguinea subsp. australis Cornus sanguinea subsp. cilicica Cornus sanguinea subsp. hungarica Cornus sanguinea subsp. sanguinea