Cortaderia selloana (Schult. & Schult.F.) Asch. & Graebn.

Uruguayan pampas grass (en), Roseau à plumes (fr), Herbe de la Pampa (fr), Gynérium argenté (fr), Cortadérie argentée (fr), Cortadérie de Selloa (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Poaceae > Cortaderia

Characteristics

Very tall, stout, erect tussock with sharp leaves of different colours on the two surfaces, and large plumose inflorescences. Leaf-sheath to 50 cm, thin, cross-veins evident, rolling up and eventually fracturing into short segments, abaxially with long internerve hairs denser below collar and abundant short interrib hairs, adaxially clothed above in minute hairs becoming fewer below; apical tufts 3 mm. Ligule to 3 mm. Collar white, adaxially with minute hairs as on sheath. Leaf-blade to 2 m × 2 cm, erect, arching when older, surfaces heterochromous, abaxially with caducous long (2 mm) hairs especially below and near midrib and abundant small interrib hairs, keel smooth below soon becoming very scabrid, adaxially with small weft of short hairs at base and abundant small internerve hairs; margins with some long hairs below becoming very scabrid from close-set rows of prickles. Culm to 6 m, internodes clothed in short, soft, silky hairs. Inflorescence to 1 m, plumose, variously coloured, branches erect in ☿, rachis densely clothed in minute, soft, silky hairs longer and denser at nodes, branches and pedicels short finely stiff hairy, long hairs at axils. Spikelets of up to 6 florets. Glumes ± equal, to 12 mm, < florets, 1-nerved, violet suffused, acute or sometimes bifid, scabrid or toothed. Lemma to 15 mm, 3-nerved, produced and awn-like above but awn and mucro to 0.3 mm from between 2 small teeth, hairs to 10 mm, abundant and radiating from whole lemma in ♀ flowers but fewer, 7 mm long and radiating from base of lemma in ☿ flowers. Palea to 4 mm, produced, keels and apex ciliate, interkeel and flanks sparsely scabrid. Callus to 1 mm, hairs to 2 mm. Rachilla to 0.25 mm. Lodicules to 0.7 mm. Anthers of ☿ flowers to 4.5 mm, of ♀ flowers staminodes to 0.1 mm. Gynoecium: of ☿ flowers ovary to 0.6 mm and stigma-styles to 1 mm; of ♀ flowers ovary to 1 mm, stigma-styles to 2 mm. Caryopsis to 2.5 mm; embryo 0.6 mm; hilum 1 mm. 2n= 72.
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Robust, densely tufted perennial, up to 4 m high; leaves mainly basal, up to 2/3 culm height. Leaf blade 800-1800 x 8-10 mm, apex setaceous, with margins and midrib cutting edges, usually markedly V-shaped in cross section, glaucous; ligule a fringe of hairs. Inflorescence a panicle, 400-600(-700) mm long, not or hardly extending above leaves, silvery-white to pink or mauve, branches stiff; spikelets either female or bisexual (but then functionally male. Spikelets 15-17 mm long, laterally compressed, disarticulating above glumes; glumes ± equal, as long as spikelet, glabrous, 1-nerved, nerves colourless; lemma entire, acuminate and awn-like or awned, 3-7-nerved, nerves colourless. Female spikelet on pedicel (0.4-)0.8(-1.0) mm long. Florets (5)6(7), densely hairy, hairs 7-12 mm long; palea 2.5-3.8 mm long, glabrous; anther minute, < 0.2 mm long. Bisexual spikelet on pedicel (0.8-)1.0(-1.3) mm long. Florets (1-)3(4); lemma glabrous or sparsely hairy; palea 3.5-5.5 mm long, glabrous; anther (1.5-)3.0-5.0 mm long. Flowering time Feb., Apr.
Robust, densely tufted perennial to 4000 mm high; leaves mainly basal, to 2/3 culm height. Leaf blade 800-1800 x 8-10 mm, apex setaceous, glaucous, blade with cutting margins and midrib, usually markedly V-shaped in cross section. Inflorescence 400-600(-700) mm long, not or hardly extending above leaves, silvery-white to pink or mauve, branches stiff; spikelets either female or hermaphrodite (but then functionally male), rachilla colourless; glumes ± equal, 8-15 mm long, 1-nerved, nerves colourless. Female spikelet pedicel (0.4-)0.8(-1.0) mm long; florets (5-)6(-7); lemma 10-14 mm long, 3-nerved, nerves colourless; densely hairy, hairs 7-12 mm long; palea 2.5-3.8 mm long, glabrous; anther minute, less than 0.2 mm long. Hermaphrodite spikelet pedicel (0.8-)1.0(-1.3) mm long; florets (1-2)3(-4); lemma 12-15 mm long, glabrous or sparsely hairy, 3-nerved, nerves colourless; palea 3.5-5.5 mm long, glabrous; anthers (1.5-)3.0-5.0 mm long.
Plants gynodioecious, or bisexual flowers functionally male. Culms 1–4 m high; internodes hollow. Leaves: sheath not waxy; blade 2 m long, 5–15 mm wide, erect, ±folded at base, with a distinct keel at least on lower leaves, without distinct secondary veins, dull green. Inflorescences shortly exserted beyond leaves, open, with 500–1000 spikelets, pink to purplish, drying grey. Male and bisexual spikelets and florets similar to female, but lemmas are glabrous or with a few hairs at the base. Female spikelets 10–17 mm long, with 4–8 florets. Female glumes substantially exceeding florets, similar or usually unequal in length, white, almost transparent; lower glume 9–14 mm long. Female florets: lemma 11–15 mm long, entire, awnless, with only central nerve reaching apex, villous, grey, with nerves same colour as lemma; palea linear to lorate, 4–5 mm long, glabrous between keels.
Perennial, densely tufted, up to 4 m high. Leaf blades 800-1800 mm long, 8-10 mm wide, leaves robust, mainly basal, glaucous, up to two-thirds culm height; blades with cutting margins and midrib, usually markedly V-shaped in cross section, tips setaceous. Panicle 400-600(-700) mm long; spikelets either female or hermaphroditic (but then functionally male); female-fertile spikelets with (5-)6(-7) florets per spikelet, hermaphroditic spikelets with (l-)3(-4) florets; glumes of equal length, 8-15 mm long; glume veins, rhachises and rhachilla colourless; lemmas of female-fertile florets 10-14 mm long, those of hermaphroditic florets 12-15 mm long.
Perennial forming large tussocks. Culms robust, 2–3 m tall. Leaf blades stiff, 50–200 cm, 4–10 mm wide, glaucous, margins sharply serrulate, apex acuminate; ligule 2–4 mm. Panicle 30–100 cm, silvery or sometimes pinkish; branches erecto-patent in bisexual, patent in female plants. Spikelets dimorphic, florets 2–5; glumes linear or lanceolate, acuminate; lemmas 3-veined, gradually tapering to an entire apex continuing into a slender awn. Female spikelets: glumes 8–9 mm; lemmas 8–14 mm, densely silky villous; palea 2.5–3 mm; minute staminodes present. Male spikelets:glumes 9–18 mm; lemmas 11–17 mm, sparsely pilose; palea 4–6 mm.
Robust perennial to 3 m, in large tussocks. Leaves linear, keeled, serrulate. Spikelets in dense feathery panicles to 60 cm long, awned.
A tall grass. It grows 2-3 m tall.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination anemogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.5 - 2.5
Mature height (meter) 2.5 - 3.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.4
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a subtropical plant. In Argentina it grows from sea level to 1,900 m above sea level.
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Moist sandy soils on river banks and mountains in Chile.
Light 6-8
Soil humidity 4-7
Soil texture 3-5
Soil acidity 2-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-9

Usage

Uses animal food environmental use fiber medicinal ornamental
Edible -
Therapeutic use Diuretics (rhizome)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by divisions or seedlings.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) 14 - 21
Germination temperacture (C°) 18 - 23
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -18
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Cortaderia selloana habit picture by Monteiro Henrique (cc-by-sa)
Cortaderia selloana habit picture by Jean-René Girardeau (cc-by-sa)
Cortaderia selloana habit picture by Gilles CAMPIN (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Cortaderia selloana leaf picture by vert ros montserrat (cc-by-sa)
Cortaderia selloana leaf picture by Sarah Moussinga (cc-by-sa)
Cortaderia selloana leaf picture by Régis Boudet (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Cortaderia selloana flower picture by martin borg (cc-by-sa)
Cortaderia selloana flower picture by Ata Bilgili (cc-by-sa)
Cortaderia selloana flower picture by NICOLAS VERON (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Cortaderia selloana fruit picture by Milan Boutros (cc-by-sa)
Cortaderia selloana fruit picture by Jean-René Girardeau (cc-by-sa)
Cortaderia selloana fruit picture by G Bart (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Cortaderia selloana world distribution map, present in Angola, Åland Islands, Australia, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, China, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Egypt, Spain, France, Georgia, Honduras, Ireland, Italy, Libya, Morocco, New Zealand, Philippines, Portugal, Paraguay, Saudi Arabia, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tunisia, Taiwan, Province of China, Uruguay, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:66317-2
WFO ID wfo-0000860610
COL ID 6B4FT
BDTFX ID 19053
INPN ID 92572
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Arundo kila Cortaderia argentea Gynerium dioicum Gynerium purpureum Moorea argentea Arundo selloana Gynerium argenteum Cortaderia dioica Arundo dioeca Cortaderia selloana