Crataegus monogyna Jacq.

Oneseed hawthorn (en), Aubépine à un style (fr), Bois de mai (fr), Épine noire (fr), Aubépine monogyne (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Rosaceae > Crataegus

Characteristics

Shrub or small tree, up to 10 m when mature, armed with axillary spines up to 12-(20) mm long, the longest spines associated with short flowering shoots; stems glabrous, smooth and reddish brown when young but becoming grey when older. Lvs solitary on vigorous vegetative shoots but in fascicles on short shoots; petiole 5-25 mm long, greenish, narrowly winged, grooved above; blade ± deltoid to rhombic, (25)-35-50-(70) × (25)-35-45-(70) mm, deeply lobed, glabrous, dark to mid green above, paler below with primary veins obvious, deeply lobed; lobes 3-7, ascending, oblong, usually entire in lower 1/2 and sparingly and irregularly serrate near the acute apex; stipules of vegetative shoots reniform with prominently toothed margins, those of short shoots smaller and deciduous. Fls many in flat corymbs on leafy short shoots scattered along branches; corymbs subtended by small, leafy, acute bracts; bracts often larger and toothed on younger stems; pedicels 5-11-(18) mm long, often bearing scattered, fine, white hairs. Sepals greenish, finely pilose at least in lower part; lobes triangular to oblong, subacute, becoming reflexed. Petals broadly ovate to orbicular, 4-8 mm diam., rounded to crenulate, spreading, usually white, rarely red-pink. Stamens < petals; filaments white or sometimes pale pink; anthers pink. Style usually 1. Fr. broadly oblong to subglobose, 7-11 mm diam., dark red, shining, crowned by deflexed sepals; nutlets usually 1.
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Arborescent shrub or tree to 12 m; thorns 1–2 cm, lateral on the twigs and also terminating short stout branches; lvs ovate to rhombic or obovate, cuneate to truncate at base, glabrous, or sometimes slightly hairy beneath when young, dark green, deeply cleft with 3–5(7) lobes, the veins running to the sinuses as well as to the points of the lobes; petioles from 1/4 to fully as long as the blade; fls 0.9–1.2 cm wide, in glabrous or slightly villous compound cymes; sep deltoid, entire; fr red, 5–8 mm thick, with thin flesh and usually a single nutlet. Native of Europe and w. Asia, often escaped from cult. in our range. (C. oxyacantha, a rejected name)
A small deciduous tree. It can grow to 9-14 m tall. The bark is greyish-brown with many small scales. The leaves are alternate. They are 2-3 cm long. The leaves have 5-7 jagged lobes. They turn yellow-brown in autumn. There are a pair of leafy growths near the base of each leaf. The thorns are short 1-2 cm. They are grey and straight. The flowers are single and red, pink or white. They have a scent. The fruit are small and red. It has a single style and fruit stone. The fruit are 6-8 mm across.
Perennial shrub or tree, 2-10 m; branches thorny, glabrous or with few short hairs, thorns 20-25 mm long. Leaves 30-50 mm with 3-7 deeply cut lobes, whitish green beneath, hairy. Stipules entire. Inflorescences umbellate panicles. Flowers: calyx lobes oblong; corolla 8-15 mm in diam., white; stamens 20, anthers red. Flowering time Sept. Fruit rounded to ovoid, bright red. Seed solitary.
Shrub or small tree, up to 10 m high; deciduous. Stems armed; glabrous. Leaves simple; blade deeply 3-or 5-lobed, lobed > 1/2-way to midrib. Flowers: in broad, dense, flattened clusters; petals white, 8-15 mm long; Aug.-Nov. Fruit a crimson or red, globose berry.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread endozoochory
Mature width (meter) 4.0 - 6.0
Mature height (meter) 6.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.6
Root diameter (meter) 0.4
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It is native to Europe. In Chile it grows from sea level to 2,000 m altitude. It grows in areas with regular rain. It grows in full sun. It grows in the Sahara. It suits hardiness zones 4-9. It can tolerate frost and snow. Tasmania Herbarium. Arboretum Tasmania.
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Woods, hedges, thickets etc, on most soils except wet peat and poor acid sands. Slopes of riverbanks, terraces, and gullies, among shrubs, deciduous forest edges; usually solitary.
Light 4-8
Soil humidity 4-8
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-8

Usage

The fruit can be eaten fresh or made into jellies which are rich in Vitamin C. They are also ground into flour. The ripe fruit are eaten fresh. The young leaves are added to tossed salads. The young buds are used in spring puddings. The flowers are mixed with sugar and brandy and made into a liqueur. They are also used in syrups and sweet puddings. Dried leaves are used for tea.
Uses animal food dye environmental use food invertebrate food material medicinal ornamental poison tea timber wood
Edible flowers fruits leaves seeds shoots
Therapeutic use Ache(Stomach) (unspecified), Circulation (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Digestive (unspecified), Spasm (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Hernia (unspecified), Marasmus (unspecified), Cardiotonic (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed. The seed need cold treatment before they will germinate. Plants can also be grafted.
Mode cuttings graftings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 94 - 369
Germination temperacture (C°) 16 - 18
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment scarification
Minimum temperature (C°) -24
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Crataegus monogyna habit picture by Xhatz (cc-by-sa)
Crataegus monogyna habit picture by Pierre Chambon (cc-by-sa)
Crataegus monogyna habit picture by Jeremie Terris (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Crataegus monogyna leaf picture by Thierry Richard (cc-by-sa)
Crataegus monogyna leaf picture by Andre Andre (cc-by-sa)
Crataegus monogyna leaf picture by Silva Pedro (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Crataegus monogyna flower picture by Dominique Chaigne (cc-by-sa)
Crataegus monogyna flower picture by Guy Pourchet (cc-by-sa)
Crataegus monogyna flower picture by Alain Bigou (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Crataegus monogyna fruit picture by Xhatz (cc-by-sa)
Crataegus monogyna fruit picture by Marinus Cornelis Scheffers (cc-by-sa)
Crataegus monogyna fruit picture by arribas pedro (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Crataegus monogyna world distribution map, present in Albania, Andorra, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belarus, Canada, Switzerland, China, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Algeria, Spain, Estonia, Finland, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Gibraltar, Greece, Croatia, Hungary, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Iceland, Israel, Italy, Lebanon, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, Morocco, Moldova (Republic of), North Macedonia, Malta, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, United States of America, and South Africa

Conservation status

Crataegus monogyna threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:106578-3
WFO ID wfo-0001009785
COL ID 6BB5X
BDTFX ID 19472
INPN ID 92876
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Crataegus transalpina Mespilus diversifolia Mespilus insegnae Crataegus alemanniensis Crataegus azarella Crataegus chlorocarpa Crataegus hirsuta Crataegus x integerrima Crataegus lipskyi Crataegus maura Crataegus petiolulata Crataegus praearmata Crataegus pulchella Crataegus subborealis Crataegus sublucens Crataegus thyrsoidea Crataegus x borealoides Crataegus x curvisepaloides Mespilus maura Mespilus monogyna Mespilus crataegus Mespilus heterophylla Oxyacantha azorella Oxyacantha elegans Oxyacantha monogyna Mespilus constantinopolitana Crataegus monogyna f. biflora Crataegus monogyna f. fissa Crataegus monogyna f. praecox Crataegus monogyna f. decussata Crataegus monogyna f. polyacantha Crataegus monogyna f. polyacantha Crataegus monogyna f. schizophylla Crataegus monogyna f. genuina Crataegus bracteolaris Crataegus aegeica Crataegus cuneata Crataegus intermedia Crataegus krumbholzii Crataegus leiomonogyna Crataegus oligacantha Crataegus orientobaltica Crataegus x krima Crataegus monogyna f. azarella Crataegus monogyna f. denudata Crataegus monogyna f. dissecta Crataegus monogyna f. hirsuta Crataegus monogyna f. hirsuta Crataegus monogyna f. karpatii Crataegus monogyna f. macrocarpa Crataegus monogyna f. microphylla Crataegus monogyna f. szaferi Crataegus monogyna f. trifida Crataegus orientobaltica f. glabra Crataegus orientobaltica f. laciniata Mespilus oliveriana Crataegus monogyna f. inzengae Mespilus monogyna f. horrida Mespilus brevispina Crataegus monogyna Crataegus xeromorpha Crataegus floribunda Crataegus lasiocarpa Crataegus septempartita Crataegus brevispina Mespilus elegans Crataegus apiifolia Crataegus subintegriloba Crataegus maroccana Mespilus polyacantha Crataegus intermedia Crataegus dissecta Oxyacantha apiifolia Crataegus monogyna subsp. monogyna Crataegus oxyacantha subsp. inzengae Crataegus oxyacantha subsp. oxyacantha Crataegus oxyacantha var. biflora Crataegus monogyna var. monogyna Crataegus monogyna var. laciniata Crataegus monogyna var. typica Crataegus oxyacantha var. discolor Crataegus monogyna var. acutiloba Crataegus oxyacantha var. acutiloba Crataegus monogyna subsp. acutiloba Crataegus oxyacantha var. incisa Crataegus maura var. diversifolia Mespilus monogyna var. glastonburiensis Crataegus oxyacantha var. praecox Mespilus monogyna var. cuneata Oxyacantha monogyna var. cuneata Mespilus monogyna var. decussata Crataegus monogyna var. splendens Crataegus laciniata var. decussata Crataegus monogyna var. decussata Crataegus monogyna subsp. insegnae Crataegus oxyacantha var. insegnae Crataegus monogyna var. insegnae Crataegus oxyacantha var. laciniata Mespilus monogyna var. splendens Crataegus monogyna var. semperflorens Crataegus oxyacantha var. monogyna Mespilus monogyna var. genuina Crataegus calycina var. cuneata Crataegus curvisepala subsp. colorata Crataegus monogyna var. arborescens Crataegus monogyna var. azarella Crataegus monogyna subsp. azarella Crataegus monogyna subsp. brevispina Crataegus monogyna var. brevispina Crataegus monogyna var. contracta Crataegus monogyna var. csatoi Crataegus monogyna var. denudata Crataegus monogyna var. dissecta Crataegus monogyna var. flabellata Crataegus monogyna var. granatensis Crataegus monogyna var. halacsyi Crataegus monogyna var. horrida Crataegus monogyna var. intermedia Crataegus monogyna var. intermedia Crataegus monogyna subsp. intermedia Crataegus monogyna subsp. jacquinii Crataegus monogyna var. javorkae Crataegus monogyna subsp. latiloba Crataegus monogyna var. latimonogyna Crataegus monogyna var. mandyi Crataegus monogyna var. microphylla Crataegus monogyna var. oliveriana Crataegus monogyna var. plesivecensis Crataegus monogyna var. szepesfalvyi Crataegus monogyna subsp. tauscheri Crataegus monogyna var. tauscheri Crataegus monogyna var. trilobata Crataegus oxyacantha var. azarella Crataegus oxyacantha var. brevispina Crataegus oxyacantha var. horrida Crataegus oxyacantha var. intermedia Crataegus oxyacantha subsp. maura Crataegus oxyacantha var. monogyna Crataegus oxyacantha subsp. monogyna Crataegus oxyacantha var. monostyla Crataegus oxyacantha var. triloba Mespilus monogyna var. azarella Mespilus monogyna var. brevispina Mespilus monogyna var. elegans Mespilus monogyna var. granatensis Mespilus monogyna var. maura Mespilus monogyna var. trifida Mespilus oxyacantha var. incisa Mespilus oxyacantha var. triloba Oxyacantha monogyna var. trifida Crataegus monogyna var. inzengae Crataegus monogyna subsp. nordica Crataegus monogyna var. coriacea Crataegus monogyna f. insegnae Crataegus monogyna f. villosa Mespilus monogyna f. laciniata Mespilus maroccana Mespilus fissa Crataegus parvifolia Crataegus alemanniensis f. microalemanniensis Crataegus monogyna f. trifida Crataegus monogyna f. trilobata Crataegus monogyna subsp. leiomonogyna Crataegus monogyna var. lanigera Crataegus monogyna f. nordica

Lower taxons

Crataegus monogyna var. lasiocarpa