young shoot icon Home All plants About

Crataegus L.

Hawthorn (en), Aubépine (fr), Aubépine au sens large (fr)

Genus

Angiosperms > Rosales > Rosaceae

Characteristics

Shrubs or trees, ?usually main trunk dominant?, 3–120 dm. Stems usually 1 in larger plants, more in smaller plants, outer spreading; bark usually checked into rough, exfoliating plates, when usually dark, but freshly exposed ± russet, sometimes deeply corrugated and dark gray-brown, or smooth, thin and exfoliating, when usually pale, rarely with prominent horizontal lenticels; extension (long) and short shoots present; compound thorns on trunk abundant or absent; ?twigs ± thorny, thorns 10–60(–100) mm, growth determinate (indeterminate in sect. Crataegus)?; glabrous or tomentose in first year. Leaves deciduous (sometimes winter-persistent in south), cauline, alternate, ?scattered on extension shoots, often crowded on short shoots?, simple or deeply lobed; stipules deciduous with leaves or sometimes earlier, free, circinate or falcate, margins serrate to crenate, glandular; petiole present, ?often glandular?; blade ± ovate to narrowly elliptic or obovate, (1.2–)2–8(–12) cm, ?wider leaves shallowly to deeply incised (rarely pinnately compound), the narrower less incised?, margins flat, serrate, ?young teeth often gland-tipped?, venation pinnate, usually craspedodromous, surfaces glabrous to tomentose. Inflorescences terminal ?on few-leaved annual short shoots that usually arise from a subterminal bud on a woody short shoot, rarely arise laterally direct from an extension shoot?, 1–50-flowered, panicles ?domed, monopodial?, corymbose, or flowers solitary; bracts sometimes present, ?leafy?; bracteoles present, ?usually caducous?. Pedicels present. Flowers: perianth and androecium epigynous, 8–25 mm diam.; hypanthium ± obconic, constricted at disc except for opening, 2–6 mm wide; sepals 5, spreading, triangular; petals 5, white, sometimes pale cream (ser. Montaninsulae) or pale pink (ser. Aestivales, ser. Molles), ± circular, sometimes elliptic (ser. Lacrimatae) or ± elliptic (ser. Apiifoliae, ser. Triflorae), ?base barely clawed, margins ± entire?; stamens 5–20 (30–45 in C. triflora), usually shorter than petals; torus absent; carpels 1–5, distinct, laterally touching, partially adnate to hypanthium, styles ?1–5?, lateral, distinct, ?adnate most of length, exsert?; ovules 2, ?superposed?. Fruits pomes, yellow to red or purplish to black mature, suborbicular to ellipsoid or pyriform, 6–20(–25) mm diam. (larger in some cultivars), ?flesh soft, sometimes hard?; hypanthium persistent; sepals often persistent, appressed to erect; carpels woody; styles usually persistent. Pyrenes 1–5, ?dorsally grooved, sides plane or eroded, excavated, or pitted?. x = 17.
More
Fls perfect, regular, in compound or nearly simple cymes, or rarely solitary; pet 5, white, rarely pink or red; sep 5, entire or glandular-serrate; stamens 5–25, arranged alternately in 1–5 rows; ovary inferior or free at the tip, the 1–5 carpels with as many persistent free styles; fr a small, globose to ovoid or pyriform pome, usually red or reddish, sometimes yellow, greenish, or blue-black, with 1–5 bony, usually 1-seeded nutlets; small trees or shrubs with usually thorny and often flexuous branches; lvs simple, deciduous, toothed and often also lobed, those of the flowering branches (the floral lvs) often unlike those of strictly vegetative branches; x=16, 17. Our spp. all fl in the spring and fr in the fall. 100+, N. Temp. and Andes.The spp. of Crataegus characteristically occur in disturbed sites or seral communities, such as pastures, edges of the forest, open second-growth woods, and thickets along streams. It has not been considered necessary to repeat these comments on the habitat for each species in the following text.The taxonomy of Crataegus is complicated by hybridization, polyploidy, aneuploidy, and apomixis. Several hundred species have been described from our range alone. A proper understanding of the group will require a thorough biosystematic study; the treatment here presented is rough and more than ordinarily tentative. Some names suspected or believed to apply to hybrids or plants of hybrid origin are listed before the key to accepted species.C. ×anomala Sarg. = C. coccinea × mollisC. ×apiomorpha Sarg. = C. coccinea × flabellataC. ×ardua Sarg. = C. punctata × succulentaC. ×aulica Sarg. = C. coccinea × dilatataC. ×celsa Sarg. = C. punctata × succulentaC. ×chadsfordiana Sarg. = C. pruinosa × succulentaC. ×collicola Ashe = C. crus-galli × punctataC. ×corusca Sarg. = C. coccinea × mollisC. ×danielsii E. J. Palmer = C. crus-galli × punctataC. ×densiflora Sarg. = C. flabellata × rotundifoliaC. ×desueta Sarg. = C. brainerdii × punctataC. ×disperma Ashe = C. crus-galli × punctataC. ×divida Sarg. = C. brainerdii × succulentaC. ×durobrivensis Sarg. = C. pruinosa × punctata C. ×ellwangeriana Sarg. = C. coccinea × mollis [Continued]
Deciduous shrubs or small trees, usually armed with spines; stems erect to spreading, sometimes with well developed trunk; young stems glabrous or pilose. Lvs either distributed along stems or in fascicles, simple, lobed to pinnatifid with margins serrate or entire, usually petiolate; lvs of non-flowering first-year shoots usually larger and broader at base than those of flowering shoots; stipules larger, persistent and somewhat leafy on long vegetative shoots, smaller and deciduous on older and shorter shoots. Infl. usually a flattened or rounded corymb of many small but showy fls terminating a leafy short shoot, rarely fls 1-3 in fascicles. Fls 5-merous, ☿, pedicellate. Hypanthium tubular, closed at apex. Epicalyx 0. Calyx of 5 sepals; sepals short, fused at base, generally persistent, sometimes deciduous. Petals 5, often suborbicular and spreading, usually white, occasionally pink, cream or red. Stamens 5-25. Ovary semi-inferior or inferior, sunken in hypanthium; carpels 1-5, connate on inner margin at least near base; styles 1-5; ovules 2 in each locule. Fr. pome-like, usually rather small, red, yellow, blue-black or black, globose to ovoid or ovoid-ellipsoid, with ± mealy flesh and 1-5 (rarely more), woody carpels each containing 1 seed.
[Continued; 3rd section]C. ×laneyi Sarg. = C. brainerdii × succulenta C. ×laurentiana Sarg. = C. rotundifolia × succulentaC. ×lecta Sarg. = C. mollis × pruinosaC. ×lettermanii Sarg. = C. mollis × punctata C. ×littoralis Sarg. = C. intricata × pruinosa C. ×locuples Sarg. = C. mollis × pruinosaC. ×lucorum Sarg. = C. coccinea × flabellataC. ×mansfieldensis Sarg. = C. coccinea × punctataC. ×media Sarg. = C. flabellata × pruinosaC. ×membranacea Sarg. = C. pruinosa × succulentaC. ×menandiana Sarg. = C. punctata × succulentaC. ×merita Sarg. = C. coccinea × flabellataC. ×neobaxteri Sarg. = C. punctata × rotundifolia C. ×nitida (Engelm) Sarg. = C. crus-galli × viridis C. ×nitidula Sarg. = C. punctata × rotundifoliaC. ×nuda Sarg. = C. crus-galli × succulentaC. ×pausiaca Ashe = C. crus-galli × punctataC. ×persimilis Sarg. = C. crus-galli × succulentaC. ×pilosa Sarg. = C. intricata × pruinosa [Continued]
[Continued; 2nd section.]C. ×formosa Sarg. = C. flabellata × pruinosa C. ×fretalis Sarg. = C. coccinea × flabellataC. ×glareosa Ashe = C. pruinosa × succulentaC. ×haemocarpa Ashe = C. flabellata × pruinosaC. ×harryi Sarg. = C. brainerdii × punctataC. ×hirtiflora Sarg. = C. mollis × punctataC. ×ideae Sarg. = C. brainerdii × rotundifoliaC. ×illecebrosa Sarg. = C. coccinea × coccinioides×immanis Ashe = C. pruinosa × rotundifoliaC. ×improvisa Sarg. = C. brainerdii × coccineaC. ×incaedua Sarg. = C. calpodendron × punctataC. ×integriloba Sarg. = C. punctata × succulentaC. ×kellermanii Sarg. = C. pruinosa × punctataC. ×kelloggii Sarg. = C. mollis × rotundifoliaC. ×kennedyi Sarg. = C. brainerdii × pruinosaC. ×kingstonensis Sarg. = C. brainerdii × coccinioidesC. ×knieskerniana Sarg. = C. coccinea × flabellataC. ×laetifica Sarg. = C. crus-galli × succulenta [Continued]
[Continued; 4th section.]C. ×puberis Sarg. = C. flabellata × punctataC. ×putata Sarg. = C. pruinosa × succulentaC. ×randiana Sarg. = C. brainerdii × flabellata C. C. ×rotundata Sarg. = C. pruinosa × rotundifolia C. ×rubrocarnea Sarg. = C. brainerdii × flabellata C. ×shirleyensis Sarg. = C. brainerdii × punctata C. ×silvestris Sarg. = C. pruinosa × punctataC. ×spatiosa Sarg. = C. pruinosa × succulentaC. ×vailiae Britton = C. calpodendron × unifloraC. ×vittata Ashe = C. coccinea × flabellataC. ×websteri Sarg. = C. brainerdii × calpodendron C. ×whitakeri Sarg. = C. calpodendron × mollisC. ×xanthophylla Sarg. = C. coccinea × flabellata [Continued]
Shrubs, subshrubs, or small trees, deciduous, rarely evergreen, armed, rarely unarmed; buds ovoid or subglobose. Leaves simple, stipulate, venation craspedodromous, margin serrate and lobed or partite, rarely entire. Inflorescences corymbose, sometimes flowers solitary. Hypanthium campanulate. Sepals 5. Petals 5, white, rarely pinkish. Stamens 5–25; carpels 1–5, connate, but free apically. Ovary inferior or semi-inferior, with 2 ovules per locule, but one rudimentary. Fruit a pome, with persistent sepals at apex; carpels bony when mature, each locule with 1 seed; seed erect, cotyledons plano-convex.
Life form annual
Growth form
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.3 - 12.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-9

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) 180 - 730
Germination temperacture (C°) 10 - 15
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Crataegus unspecified picture
Crataegus unspecified picture

Distribution

Crataegus world distribution map, present in China, New Zealand, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:60436254-2
WFO ID wfo-4000009592
COL ID 3VBV
BDTFX ID 86241
INPN ID 191232
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Crataego-mespilus Crataegus Anthomeles Oxyacantha

Lower taxons

Crataegus kyrtostyla Crataegus x ariifolia Crataegus pruinosa Crataegus suborbiculata Crataegus baroussana Crataegus confinis Crataegus conjungens Crataegus elliptica Crataegus fruticosa Crataegus gaylussacia Crataegus nelsonii Crataegus okanaganensis j.b.phipps & o'kennon Crataegus okennonii Crataegus parryana Crataegus x peregrina Crataegus phippsii o'kennon Crataegus pubescens Crataegus rosei Crataegus sejuncta Crataegus spissiflora Crataegus vivida Crataegus atrofusca Crataegus necopinata Crataegus pamiroalaica Crataegus theodori Crataegus laneyi Crataegus azarolus Crataegus chungtienensis Crataegus dikmensis Crataegus dzhairensis Crataegus granatensis Crataegus heterophylloides Crataegus hupehensis Crataegus kansuensis Crataegus karadaghensis Crataegus kurdistanica Crataegus meyeri Crataegus pentagyna Crataegus pinnatifida Crataegus pycnoloba Crataegus rhipidophylla Crataegus sakranensis Crataegus schumacheri Crataegus grignonensis Crataegus sphaenophylla Crataegus turkestanica Crataegus wilsonii Crataegus x aberrans Crataegus albanica Crataegus x dipyrena Crataegus x kyrtostyla Crataegus x peloponnesiaca Crataegus pseudazarolus Crataegus rubrinervis Crataegus sinaica Crataegus x tianschanica Crataegus x zangezura Crataegus elliptica Crataegus x hiemalis Crataegus x celsiana Crataegus x sorbifolia Crataegus celsiana Crataegus altaica Crataegus nigra Crataegus amicta Crataegus demissa Crataegus anamesa Crataegus canadensis Crataegus lumaria Crataegus nitidula Crataegus poliophylla Crataegus pulcherrima Crataegus saligna Crataegus stenosepala Crataegus triflora Crataegus macrocarpa Crataegus pallasii Crataegus pallasii Crataegus dsungarica Crataegus heterophylla Crataegus flabellata Crataegus aestivalis Crataegus apiomorpha Crataegus arborea Crataegus ater Crataegus berberifolia Crataegus bona Crataegus brachyacantha Crataegus brainerdii Crataegus calpodendron Crataegus carrollensis Crataegus chrysocarpa Crataegus coleae Crataegus dallasiana Crataegus dilatata Crataegus dispar Crataegus disperma Crataegus dispessa Crataegus dissona Crataegus erythrocarpa Crataegus glareosa Crataegus grandis Crataegus greggiana Crataegus ideae Crataegus indicens Crataegus intricata Crataegus iracunda Crataegus irrasa Crataegus jesupii Crataegus kelloggii Crataegus lanuginosa Crataegus margarettae Crataegus menandiana Crataegus nananixonii j.b.phipps & o'kennon Crataegus opaca Crataegus opulens Crataegus pearsonii Crataegus pringlei Crataegus reverchonii Crataegus rivularis Crataegus sargentii Crataegus scabrida Crataegus spathulata Crataegus spatiosa Crataegus tanuphylla Crataegus thermopegaea Crataegus tinctoria Crataegus tracyi Crataegus vailiae Crataegus wootoniana Crataegus xanthophylla Crataegus acutifolia Crataegus sheila-phippsiae j.b.phipps & o'kennon Crataegus leonensis Crataegus x brevipes Crataegus x hudsonica Crataegus x kennedyi Crataegus Crataegus x lettermanii Crataegus ashei Crataegus x maligna Crataegus notha Crataegus x pilosa Crataegus x puberis Crataegus x rubrocarnea Crataegus ouachitensis Crataegus padifolia Crataegus fluviatilis Crataegus limaria Crataegus formosa Crataegus gattingeri Crataegus platycarpa Crataegus fastosa Crataegus verruculosa Crataegus venusta Crataegus dahurica Crataegus secreta Crataegus atrorubens Crataegus glabriuscula Crataegus pseudosanguinea Crataegus pseudosanguinea Crataegus x bornmuelleri Crataegus cupressocollina j.b.phipps & o'kennon Crataegus aquacervensis j.b.phipps & o'kennon Crataegus rivuloadamensis j.b.phipps & o'kennon Crataegus purpurella j.b.phipps & o'kennon Crataegus rivulopugnensis j.b.phipps & o'kennon Crataegus rubribracteolata j.b.phipps & o'kennon Crataegus ursopedensis j.b.phipps & o'kennon Crataegus shensiensis Crataegus shandongensis Crataegus maximowiczii Crataegus aurantia Crataegus sanguinea Crataegus dahurica Crataegus remotilobata Crataegus chlorosarca Crataegus x macrocarpa Crataegus x media Crataegus lavalleei Crataegus cyanophylla Crataegus sextilis Crataegus tarda Crataegus vegeta Crataegus longispina Crataegus incaedua Crataegus clarkei Crataegus succulenta Crataegus submollis Crataegus x polyacantha Crataegus x schumacheri Crataegus maligna Crataegus isfajramensis Crataegus ferganensis Crataegus hissarica Crataegus knorringiana Crataegus poloniensis Crataegus ambigua Crataegus klokovii Crataegus longipes Crataegus microphylla Crataegus oresbia Crataegus pseudoheterophylla Crataegus stevenii Crataegus tanacetifolia Crataegus ucrainica Crataegus wattiana Crataegus x armena Crataegus x lambertiana Crataegus russanovii Crataegus magniflora Crataegus delawarensis Crataegus praecox Crataegus polita Crataegus cognata Crataegus forbesae Crataegus keepii Crataegus polyacantha Crataegus brazoria Crataegus harbisonii Crataegus harveyana Crataegus lacrimata Crataegus latebrosa Crataegus texana Crataegus viburnifolia Crataegus warneri Crataegus laevigata Crataegus monogyna Crataegus austromontana Crataegus beadlei Crataegus beata Crataegus compacta Crataegus condigna Crataegus distincta Crataegus dodgei Crataegus engelmannii Crataegus erythropoda Crataegus flava Crataegus fragilis Crataegus fulleriana Crataegus holmesiana Crataegus knieskerniana Crataegus lemingtonensis Crataegus lucorum Crataegus macrosperma Crataegus mollis Crataegus munda Crataegus nitida Crataegus nuda Crataegus pennsylvanica Crataegus pequotorum Crataegus perjucunda Crataegus porrecta Crataegus pratensis Crataegus prona Crataegus putata Crataegus ravida Crataegus schuettei Crataegus shaferi Crataegus spissa Crataegus suksdorfii Crataegus tripartita Crataegus turnerorum Crataegus uniflora Crataegus uvaldensis Crataegus versuta Crataegus viridis Crataegus arnoldiana Crataegus columbiana Crataegus sicca Crataegus permixta Crataegus coccinea Crataegus collina Crataegus x simulata Crataegus whitakeri Crataegus neobushii Crataegus straminea Crataegus noelensis Crataegus aulica Crataegus integriloba Crataegus macracantha Crataegus silvestris Crataegus sylvestris Crataegus spes-aestatum Crataegus orientalis Crataegus coccinioides Crataegus pontica Crataegus mexicana Crataegus celsa Crataegus durobrivensis Crataegus kennedyi Crataegus laurentiana Crataegus lettermanii Crataegus mansfieldensis Crataegus pilosa Crataegus x permixta Crataegus x verruculosa Crataegus faxonii Crataegus brunetiana Crataegus x sicca Crataegus x coleae Crataegus almaatensis Crataegus armena Crataegus caucasica Crataegus dipyrena Crataegus songarica Crataegus tianschanica Crataegus zangezura Crataegus corusca Crataegus desueta Crataegus basilica Crataegus populnea Crataegus mackenzii Crataegus pedicellata Crataegus putnamiana Crataegus x dispessa Crataegus divida Crataegus ellwangeriana Crataegus hiemalis Crataegus x corusca Crataegus x disperma Crataegus x ideae Crataegus x incaedua Crataegus x neobaxteri Crataegus x shirleyensis Crataegus x vittata Crataegus grandifolia Crataegus hudsonica Crataegus ruscinonensis Crataegus x ardua Crataegus x kelloggii Crataegus x knieskerniana Crataegus x lecta Crataegus x lucorum Crataegus x ninae-celottiae Crataegus petrodavisii Crataegus sulfurea Crataegus aurescens Crataegus serratissima Crataegus cuprina Crataegus x yosgatica Crataegus x killinica Crataegus x browicziana Crataegus x gillotii Crataegus korolkowii Crataegus chlorocarpa Crataegus heldreichii Crataegus Crataegus x atrorubens Crataegus x harryi Crataegus x persimilis Crataegus x randiana Crataegus johnstonii Crataegus peregrina Crataegus rikuchuensis Crataegus miranda Crataegus scabrifolia Crataegus cuneata Crataegus drymopila Crataegus lassa Crataegus aprica Crataegus senta Crataegus alleghaniensis Crataegus alabamensis Crataegus piperi Crataegus jonesae Crataegus roribacca Crataegus invisa Crataegus x habereri Crataegus multiflora Crataegus marshallii Crataegus punctata Crataegus laciniata Crataegus douglasii Crataegus crus-galli Crataegus persimilis Crataegus phaenopyrum Crataegus germanica
WorldFloraDB 2024