Crataegus phaenopyrum (L.F.) Medik.

Washington hawthorn (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Rosaceae > Crataegus

Characteristics

Trees, 40–100 dm. Stems: 3-year old twigs shiny, deep reddish brown, older dark gray; thorns on twigs ± straight, 2–5 cm. Leaves: petiole slender, sometimes both abaxially and adaxially short rusty-tomentose, eglandular; blade broadly to narrowly deltate, 3–6 cm, base truncate to rarely cuneate or cordate, sometimes very shallowly so, lobes palmately or pinnately 2(or 3) per side, margins serrulate, veins 6 or 7(or 8) per side (to sinuses), apex acute, surfaces glabrous. Inflorescences 15–30-flowered, flowers strong-smelling; branches glabrous; bracteole margins stipitate-glandular. Flowers 10–12 mm diam.; hypanthium glabrous; sepals 2 mm; stamens 20, anthers ivory; styles 3(or 4). 2n = 51, 68.
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Tree to 12 m; lvs mostly ovate or cordate, acuminate, dark green and glossy above, glabrous or nearly so, 2–6 × 2–5 cm, coarsely and irregularly serrate and with 1–4 pairs of lateral lobes, the basal pair of lobes the largest, the others very shallow, the veins running to the sinuses as well as to the points of the lobes; petiole 1–2 cm, eglandular; fls 1–1.3 cm wide, in compound glabrous cymes; sep short-deltoid, acute or apiculate, tending to fall from the fr; fr 4–5 mm thick, bright scarlet; nutlets 3–5. Both native and as an escape from cult.; Pa. to n. Fla., w. to Ill. and Mo.
A deciduous tree. It grows 6-12 m tall. It is very thorny. The thorns are long and sharp. The crown is round and it is densely branched. The bark is red-brown to grey-brown and thin and scaly. The leaves are broadly oval and 3-8 cm long and have 3-5 sharply toothed lobes. They are glossy green. The flowers are white. They have a scent. They occur in clusters. The fruit are small and shiny. They are orange-red berries. They are 4-6 mm across.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 7.0 - 8.0
Mature height (meter) 9.1 - 10.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.8
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Thickets, open woods and banks of streams in rich soils. Woodland edges, gaps, scrub, damp locations; at elevations from 10-300 metres. Found in woodlands on rich soil, generally in moderate but not very heavy shade.
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It is native to S.E. United States. Temperate. It will grow in most soils. It needs an open sunny position. It is resistant to frost and drought. It suits hardiness zones 5-10.
Light 5-8
Soil humidity 4-7
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-8

Usage

The fruit can be eaten fresh. Some fruit are bitter and some are sweet. The fruit can be dried and stored. The fruit can be used for jams and jellies. The fruit can be crushed and used for tea.
Uses environmental use medicinal tea wood
Edible fruits seeds
Therapeutic use Cyanogenetic (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed. The seed need cold treatment. Plants can also be grafted.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 180 - 730
Germination temperacture (C°) 10 - 15
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment scarification
Minimum temperature (C°) -25
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Crataegus phaenopyrum leaf picture by Connie Cole (cc-by-sa)
Crataegus phaenopyrum leaf picture by Lorri Yurick (cc-by-sa)
Crataegus phaenopyrum leaf picture by Rebecca Blackwell (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Crataegus phaenopyrum flower picture by Rebecca Blackwell (cc-by-sa)
Crataegus phaenopyrum flower picture by Edward Bones (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Crataegus phaenopyrum fruit picture by Greg D (cc-by-sa)
Crataegus phaenopyrum fruit picture by Edward Bones (cc-by-sa)
Crataegus phaenopyrum fruit picture by Daphne Szèles (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Crataegus phaenopyrum world distribution map, present in Canada and United States of America

Conservation status

Crataegus phaenopyrum threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:722456-1
WFO ID wfo-0001010531
COL ID Z8B6
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Cotoneaster cordatus Mespilus cordata Mespilus cordato Mespilus cordifolia Phaenopyrum populifolium Crataegus cordata Mespilus acerifolia Mespilus cordata Crataegus acerifolia Phaenopyrum cordatum Phaenopyrum acerifolium Phalacros cordatus Gymnomeles cordata Mespilus phaenopyrum Mespilus populifolia Mespilus corallina Mespilus corallina Crataegus populifolia Crataegus youngii Crataegus phaenopyrum