Crataegus succulenta Schrad. ex Link

Fleshy hawthorn (en), Aubépine (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Rosaceae > Crataegus

Characteristics

Shrubs or trees, 40–80 dm. Stems: ?older trunks usually bearing compound thorns?; twigs: new growth reddish green, glabrous, 1-year old dark, shiny red-brown, 2–3-years old becoming dark gray, older ± paler gray; thorns on twigs numerous, usually recurved, shiny, 1-year old dark blackish brown, stout, 3–6(–8) cm. Leaves: petiole 1–2 cm, ?narrowly winged distally?, glabrous, eglandular; blade rhombic-elliptic to broadly rhombic-ovate or elliptic, 4–7 cm ?widest near middle?, subcoriaceous mature (then often blue-green), base cuneate (constricted), lobes 3–5 per side, obscure to well-marked, sinuses shallow, lobe apex usually subacute to obtuse, margins serrate except proximally, veins 6–8 per side, ?impressed?, apex acute to subacute, rarely obtuse, abaxial surface glabrous, adaxial scabrate-pubescent young. Inflorescences 15–30-flowered; branches pubescent or glabrous; bracteoles linear, ?1.7 cm?, margins glandular. Flowers 12–17 mm diam.; hypanthium glabrous or pubescent; sepals narrowly triangular, 4–6 mm, margins glandular-serrate to glandular-laciniate, abaxially glabrous, adaxial pubescence not recorded; stamens 20, anthers usually red or pink, rarely white, ?0.5–0.7 mm?; styles 2 or 3. Pomes bright or deep red, lustrous, suborbicular, (4–)7–10(–14) mm diam., glabrous, rarely pubescent; ?flesh mealy or succulent mature?; sepals spreading-reflexed; pyrenes 2 or 3, sides pitted. 2n = 51.
More
A shrub. It can be a tree with several stems. It grows to 6-8 m high. It has dark twigs and thorns. The leaves are 3-8 cm long. They have shallow lobes. There are small, sharp teeth. The leaf stalks have grooves above and wings. The thorns are stout and up to 8 cm long. They are black and glossy. The flowers are white. The fruit are glossy and red. They are 6-8 mm across.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 6.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Temperate. It suits hardiness zones 4-9. It can grow in a range of soil types and with various pH values. It can tolerate very wet soils as well as drought. It can grow in poor rocky dry soils. It is cold hardy.
More
Thickets, pastures and woodland edges, especially in dry or rocky soils. Brush, field margins, open woodlands; at elevations from 20-800 metres.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 1-9
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-9
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-8

Usage

The fruit are used for jelly. They can be pressed into cakes and dried for later use.
Uses medicinal wood
Edible fruits seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed. The seed need cold treatment. Plants can also be grafted.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 180 - 730
Germination temperacture (C°) 10 - 15
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment scarification
Minimum temperature (C°) -30
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Crataegus succulenta habit picture by Diego Alex (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Crataegus succulenta leaf picture by Diego Alex (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Crataegus succulenta fruit picture by Emi F (cc-by-sa)
Crataegus succulenta fruit picture by Diego Alex (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Crataegus succulenta world distribution map, present in Canada and United States of America

Conservation status

Crataegus succulenta threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:67877-2
WFO ID wfo-0001017755
COL ID Z8H6
BDTFX ID 19350
INPN ID 92914
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Crataegus ardua Crataegus halliana Crataegus sonnenbergensis Crataegus venulosa Crataegus virilis Crataegus succulenta Mespilus succulenta Crataegus ambrosia Crataegus ferta Crataegus florifera Crataegus gemmosa Crataegus leucantha Crataegus mortonis Crataegus neofluvialis Crataegus pertomentosa Crataegus pisifera Crataegus saeva Crataegus laxiflora Crataegus macracantha var. succulenta Crataegus coccinea var. macracantha Crataegus rotundifolia var. succulenta Crataegus florifera var. celsa Crataegus florifera var. mortonis Crataegus florifera var. shirleyensis Crataegus florifera var. virilis Crataegus macracantha var. colorado Crataegus macracantha var. divida Crataegus macracantha var. integriloba Crataegus macracantha var. pertomentosa Crataegus succulenta var. gemmosa Crataegus succulenta var. laxiflora Crataegus succulenta var. michiganensis Crataegus succulenta var. occidentalis Crataegus succulenta var. rutila Crataegus succulenta var. pertomentosa Crataegus succulenta var. pisifera Crataegus succulenta var. succulenta Crataegus chrysocarpa var. bicknellii

Lower taxons

Crataegus succulenta var. membranacea Crataegus succulenta var. rhombifolia