Cupania americana L.

Wild ackee (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Sapindaceae > Cupania

Characteristics

Tree 5-15 m tall; stems ferruginous-tomentose, glabrescent, conspicuously lenticellate. Leaves paripinnate or imparipinnate; petiole plus rachis 7-12 cm long, tomentulose; leaflets 2-4 pairs, alternate or subopposite, coriaceous to chartaceous, adaxially glabrous, abaxially ferruginous-tomentose or tomentulose, with prominent network of veins, obovate to oblanceolate, 5-15 × 2.5-7 cm (basal leaflets smaller than distal ones), the apex obtuse or retuse, the base obtuse, slightly unequal, the margins serrate, revolute. Thyrses axillary, 15-20 cm long, paniculate; axes densely ferruginous-tomentose; bracts subulate, tomentose, ca. 2.5 mm long; flowers in compound or simple dichasia. Sepals narrowly ovate, ca. 3.5 mm long, ferruginous-tomentose; petals white, rhombate, clawed, tomentulose, with 2 marginal appendages; disc cupular, pubescent; filaments tomentose at base. Capsule trigonous-depressed-globose to turbinate, 3-locular, 1-1.5 cm long, shortly stipitate, pericarp woody, ca. 5 mm thick, outer surface densely ferruginous-sericeous, inner surface densely creamish lanose. Seeds ellipsoid, ca. 1 cm long, blackish or dark brown, with an orangish fleshy coat on lower half.
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A small tree. It can be 20 m high. The leaves are compound with 2-4 pairs of leaflets. The flower panicles are 10-30 cm long. The fruit is a shallowly 3 lobed capsule. It is 2 cm long by 2 cm wide. It has yellow hairs. The seed is oval and 1 cm long. It is black and shiny. It has an aril of fleshy layer around it.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality -
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 12.1 - 16.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.9
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Forests, especially along streams, in the moist coast, moist limestone, and lower mountain regions of Puerto Rico.
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A tropical plant. It grows in forests near rivers.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity 5-9
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The chestnut like seeds are eaten. They are also used to make a fermented liquor.
Uses material medicinal wood
Edible arils nuts seeds
Therapeutic use Anodyne (unspecified), Catarrh (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Medicine (unspecified), Calculus (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Fruit

Cupania americana fruit picture by Ceballos Dereck (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Cupania americana world distribution map, present in Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Barbados, Colombia, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, Ghana, Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Honduras, Jamaica, Saint Lucia, Sri Lanka, Martinique, Poland, Puerto Rico, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), and South Africa

Conservation status

Cupania americana threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:319175-2
WFO ID wfo-0000629388
COL ID 6BS2C
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 629487
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Cupania americana Cupania saponaria Cupania tomentosa Trigonia tomentosa Trigonis tomentosa