Cupania scrobiculata Rich.

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Sapindaceae > Cupania

Characteristics

Shrub, “treelet”1 or small tree 3-15 (20) m tall, young stems ferruginous-tomentose or tomentulose. Leaves paripinnate or imparipinnate; petiole plus rachis 8-20.5(29) cm long, glabrous to pubescent, smooth or striate, terete to slightly angled, petiole sometimes abaxially flattened; petiolules 1-10 mm long, glabrous; leaflets (2)5-9, alternate or opposite, chartaceous to coriaceous, the adaxial surface glabrous, the abaxial surface glabrous or puberulent, with prominent reticulate venation, elliptic, broadly elliptic, oblong, oblanceolate or less often obovate, 5-23 × 3-9.2 cm, the apex obtuse, acute or shortly acuminate, or sometimes rounded and retuse, the base slightly asymmetrical, obtuse, the margins remotely serrate, entire, subentire, repando-dentate, and undulate, secondary vein axils with pit domatia. Thyrses 10-30 cm long, racemose or paniculate, pubescent; flowers in simple or compound dichasia, or solitary toward distal portion of inflorescence; bracteoles subulate or oblong, ca. 1 mm long, tomentulose. Sepals tomentulose, oblong, 1.5-2.2 mm long; petals cuneate, unguiculate, ca. 2 mm long, glabrous except for the pubescent claw; appendages of two suprabasal, marginal projections, wooly-pubescent, as long as the petal; disc annular, irregularly lobed, glabrous; stamens 8, ca. 3 mm long, the filaments wooly at base. Capsules turbinate-trilobed, stipitate, wrinkled, ferruginous, reddish orange, 3-locular, the cocci elongated divergent, 5-10 cm long, wooly-pubescent inside, the stipe 2-10 mm long. Seeds nearly ellipsoid, dark brown, mostly covered by a white or cream aril.
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Shrubs or small trees 3-10 m tall; stems sulcate, puberulent-tomentose to scabridulous when young, glabrate in age. Leaves pinnate; petiolules 2-8 mm long; leaflets 6-8, rarely 10-12, elliptic-oblong to ovate, obtuse, subacute or abruptly acuminate at the apex, obliquely acute or cuneate at the base, 5-18 cm long, 2.5-10 cm wide, entire to undulate to sinuate-dentate on the margin, char-taceous, glabrous on both sides except puberulent on the midrib, the reticulate venation prominulous beneath, sometimes also above. Panicles axillary or sub-terminal, 7-30 cm long, equalling or exceeding the foliage; branches densely and minutely cinereous sericeous; bracteoles subulate, 3-5 mm long; pedicels 1-2 mm long, articulate at about the middle. Flowers white; sepals ovate or ovate-oblong, to 1.5 mm long, tomentulose outside; petals ca. 1 mm long, equal to the sepals, broadly ovate, acute, ciliolate, the scale inside the petal broadly ob-cordate, as long as or longer than the petal, more than twice as wide as the petal, densely villous; stamens 2 mm long, the filaments filiform, pubescent below the middle; disc glabrous below, densely villous above; ovary tomentose; staminate flowers with the stamens 2.5 mm long, the pistil minute; bisexual flowers not seen. Capsules stipitate, turbinate, more or less 3-horned, 1-2 cm long, red-tomentose outside, woolly-tomentose inside, the stipe to ca. 3 mm long; seeds oval, ca. 6 mm long.
A tree. It grows 10 m tall. The branches have ribs. They have rusty hairs. The leaves are compound and alternate. The leaves have 6-8 leaflets. The flowers are in groups at the ends of branches and are rusty hairy. The fruit is a 3 lobed capsule. They are wrinkled and greenish-yellow.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support -
Foliage retention
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 6.5 - 10.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Atlantic rainforest, more commonly in open and secondary growth areas, favouring well-drained soils.
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It is a tropical plant. It grows in the forest.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

The fleshy layer around the seed is eaten.
Uses medicinal wood
Edible arils fruits
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Cupania scrobiculata leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Cupania scrobiculata leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Cupania scrobiculata leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)

Fruit

Cupania scrobiculata fruit picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Cupania scrobiculata fruit picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)

Distribution

Cupania scrobiculata world distribution map, present in Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Suriname, and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Conservation status

Cupania scrobiculata threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:782556-1
WFO ID wfo-0000629607
COL ID 6BS2N
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 734965
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Cupania auriculata Cupania porosa Cupania reticulata Cupania triloba Cupania frondosa Cupania guianensis Cupania scrobiculata f. reticulata Cupania scrobiculata