Cussonia arborea Hochst. ex A.Rich.

Species

Angiosperms > Apiales > Araliaceae > Cussonia

Characteristics

A tree up to 13 m. tall, with a bole up to 1 m. or more in diameter; bark thick and fissured, dark grey to reddish-grey.. Leaves simple, deeply palmately lobed or digitately compound with sessile leaflets; petiole up to 45 cm. or longer and 8 mm. diameter, at first tomentose becoming tomentulose or subglabrous; leaflets or leaf-lobes 5–7, chartaceous to coriaceous, lanceolate to oblanceolate, ovate and obovate, sometimes rotund, up to 26 cm. long by 16 cm. wide, (1.2–)1.5–2.5 times as long as wide, acuminate to retuse at apex, cuneate to attenuate at base, with the margins crenate to serrulate (or subentire), occasionally irregularly so, velutinous above, tomentose below when young, becoming sparsely scabrid above and pubescent beneath (or occasionally entirely subglabrous) when mature.. Flowering spikes up to about 20 together, mostly less than 10, up to 40 cm. long, sometimes galled (see note on p. 1); floral bracts narrowly lanceolate to broadly ovate, occasionally orbicular, often caudate, up to 5 mm. long, but sometimes obsolete except for tail, puberulous to densely pubescent.. Fruits 3.5–4.5(–6.0) mm. long, glabrous or puberulous.. Fig. 1.
More
A small tree. It grows up to 9 m high. It loses its leaves. The stem produces gum when cut. The leaves are like fingers on a hand and there are 7-9 lobes. The leaf stalk is 12-16 cm long. The flower spikes are 20-40 cm long. They are densely covered with small flowers. The fruit are very small. They are round and black when ripe.
Leaflets 5–9(10), up to 27 × 8 cm., sessile but with long, very narrowly tapering cuneate bases, chartaceous to somewhat coriaceous, glabrous or with occasional hairs; apex acute to acuminate; margins more or less regularly serrate-crenate to more or less entire, rarely deeply and jaggedly cut.
Flowering spikes up to 26 together, but frequently of c. 10–12, at first short and congested, but elongating as the flowers mature, and further as the fruit develop, up to 50 cm. in length. Axis of the spike densely puberulous; basal bracts broadly triangular.
Leaves digitately compound (palmate in juvenile states) Petiole up to 50(87) cm. long, usually glabrous but sometimes somewhat puberulent in patches.
Flowers sessile with floral bracts that are conspicuous in the unexpanded spikes, but insignificant and more or less caducous before maturity.
Stylopodium quite well developed; stigmatic surfaces very small, scarcely freely diverging at the tip.
Fruit ovoid-cylindrical to subglobose, 4–5·5 × up to 4 mm., glabrous or more rarely puberulous.
Robust tree up to 11 m.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention
Sexuality -
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 10.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Woodland, wooded grassland; rocks; on red acid clay, laterite; sometimes on termite mounds; forest gallery; tall grass savannah; rocky steep hillsides with Combretum; Erythrina abyssinica woodland; at elevations from 200-2,470 metres.
More
A tropical plant. It needs a warm, frost-free climate. In Malawi it grows above 1,000 m altitude. It can resist fire. In Zimbabwe it grows between 850-1,750 m above sea level.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The ripe fruit are eaten.
Uses animal food dye environmental use food gene source gum material medicinal oil social use timber wood
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use Aphrodisiac (unspecified), Blennorrhagia (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed. It can also be grown from large cuttings of from root cuttings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Cussonia arborea unspecified picture

Distribution

Cussonia arborea world distribution map, present in Benin, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sudan, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Chad, Togo, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Cussonia arborea threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:90138-1
WFO ID wfo-0000933615
COL ID 32MHC
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Cussonia arborea Cussonia barteri Cussonia delevoyi Cussonia djalonensis Cussonia homblei Cussonia kirkii Cussonia nigerica Cussonia hamata Cussonia laciniata Cussonia longissima Cussonia tisserantii Cussonia kirkii var. bracteata Cussonia kirkii var. quadripetala Brassaia mannii var. camerounensis