Cussonia paniculata Eckl. & Zeyh.

Species

Angiosperms > Apiales > Araliaceae > Cussonia

Characteristics

Perennial, single stemmed, thick set tree, > 5 m high. Bark grey-brown, longitudinally fissured, thick and corky; trunk thick and squat. Leaves: petiolules of primary leaflets 15-30 mm long; mono-digitate, up to 600 mm in diam., with 7-9 simple leaflets; leaflets 100-300 x 20-60 mm, leathery, pale blue to grey-green, apex and base tapering, margins entire (var. paniculata) or margins shallowly or deeply lobed, constricted to form segments, separated by narrow waist-like section (var. sinuata); petioles 200-300 mm long. Flowers in umbel of panicles, short, densely flowered, small, green, stalked. Flowering time Jan.-Apr. Fruit fleshy, up to 7 mm in diam., purple (Apr.-Aug.).
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A small tree. It grows up to 5 m tall and has few branches. The trunk is rough, brown and corky. The bark is grey and cracked along its length. The trunk can be 60 cm across. The branches have prominent leaf scars. The leaves can be 60 cm across. They are made up of 7-9 leaflets arranged like a fan. The leaflets are entire and lobed. The form segments with constrictions between them. Each leaflet is 10-30 cm long by 2-6 cm wide. They are a pale blue-grey. The edges are toothed. The flowers are small and green. They occur in densely flowers spikes. These are 2.5-5 cm long. They are branched. The fruit is fleshy and 6 cm across. They are purple when mature.
Leaflets 7–9(13), up to 27 cm. long, sessile but with long narrow cuneate bases, in some cases becoming almost petiolate, deeply pinnatifid, very variable with the sinus extending sometimes almost to the midrib, but in others only reaching halfway from the margin; lobes equally variable in width. Apex broadly acute with a short terminal mucro; margin sometimes with a few small teeth.
Spikes subtended by inconspicuous basal bracts and with distinct peduncles up to 5 cm. long. Fertile parts of the spikes at first clearly shorter than the peduncle, but later elongating and often exceeding the peduncle in fruit.
Fruit subglobose, distinctly fleshy and pea-like (showing clearly the 2 carpels when dry); mature fruit sometimes only setting rather irregularly on the spikes, with many infertile flowers.
Inflorescence a group of panicles, each bearing racemosely arranged spikes in subopposite pairs. Main axes up to 35 cm. long, glabrous, finely but distinctly grooved.
Thick-stemmed tree to 5 m. Leaves glaucous, digitate, leaflets sometimes toothed or lobed above. Flower spikes paniculate, green.
Leaves digitately compound, with very long petioles up to 50 cm. long.
Lamina glabrous and with a distinctly glaucous sheen beneath.
Floral bracts minute, more or less lanceolate.
Flowers sessile, stylopodium depressed.
Small tree up to 5 m. high.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality -
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 5.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is native to South Africa. It grows inland and up to 2100 m altitude. It often grows in rocky places. It cannot tolerate heavy frosts. It is drought tolerant. It can grow in arid places. It suits hardiness zones 9-11. Melbourne Botanical Gardens. Wittunga Botanical Gardens.
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Often found in rocky places where it grows in crevices filled with natural organic humus and compost. Open, wooded grassland.
Light -
Soil humidity 1-3
Soil texture 7-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

The thick tuberous root is peeled and eaten as an emergency food or for moisture. The fruit are edible when ripe.
Uses animal food environmental use food material medicinal wood
Edible fruits leaves roots
Therapeutic use Colic (unspecified), Witchcraft (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from cuttings. They can also be grown from fresh seeds.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Cussonia paniculata habit picture by EstelleG (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Cussonia paniculata leaf picture by Jerome Sudre (cc-by-sa)
Cussonia paniculata leaf picture by Gladwel Soko (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Cussonia paniculata world distribution map, present in Botswana, Lesotho, eSwatini, and South Africa

Conservation status

Cussonia paniculata threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:90178-1
WFO ID wfo-0000933661
COL ID 32MJK
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Cussonia paniculata

Lower taxons

Cussonia paniculata subsp. paniculata Cussonia paniculata subsp. sinuata