Cydonia oblonga Mill.

Quince (en), Cognassier (fr), Cognassier commun (fr), Cognassier oblong (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Rosaceae > Cydonia

Characteristics

Shrubs or small trees, to 8 m tall. Branchlets purplish red when young, purplish brown when old, terete, initially densely tomentose, glabrous when old, sparsely lenticellate; buds purplish brown, tomentose. Stipules caducous, ovate; petiole 0.8–1.5 cm, tomentose; leaf blade ovate to oblong, 5–10 × 3–5 cm, abaxially with conspicuous veins and densely villous, adaxially glabrous or sparsely pubescent when young, base rounded or subcordate, margin entire, apex acute or emarginate. Pedicel ca. 5 mm or nearly absent, densely tomentose. Flowers 4–5 cm in diam.; bracts caducous, ovate. Hypanthium campanulate, abaxially densely tomentose. Sepals ovate or broadly lanceolate, 5–6 mm, longer than hypanthium, both surfaces tomentose, margin glandular serrate, apex acute. Petals white or pinkish, ca. 1.8 cm. Stamens less than 1/2 as long as petals. Styles nearly as long as stamens, densely villous basally. Fruit fragrant, yellow, pear-shaped, 3–5 cm in diam., densely tomentose; with persistent reflexed sepals; fruiting pedicel ca. 5 mm, stout, tomentose. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Oct. 2n = 34*.
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Large shrub or small tree up to 5-(8) m high and several m diam. when mature; trunk short or 0 and plants sometimes forming small suckering thickets; upper branches often arching; stems dark brownish red and felted when young. Petiole (4)-6-14 mm long; blade ovate to broad-elliptic, oblong or suborbicular, 30-80 × 25-50 mm, rounded to subacute at apex, obtuse at base, white-tomentose at first on upper surface, becoming glabrate and dull, white-to grey-tomentose below; margin entire; stipules lanceolate. Fls 30-50 mm diam. Sepals densely tomentose, persistent; lobes oblong, acute, glandular, sharply reflexed. Petals oblong, 12-25 mm long, rounded or slightly emarginate. Fr. pyriform or subglobose, usually 80-150 mm long, yellow, ± finely tomentose, fragrant, with apical cavity.
A spreading bushy tree. It grows up to 5-8 m high and spreads 3-6 m wide. It forks low down on the trunk into crooked limbs. The leaves are large, and deep green above and downy underneath. They occur on young twigs. It loses its leaves. The flowers can be 5 cm across and mostly pale pink. The fruit are pear shaped and 15 cm long with hard flesh. The fruit can be 1 kg in size. They are yellow when ripe. They are edible when cooked.
Shrub or small tree, up to 6 m high; deciduous. Leaves alternate, simple with blade ovate to elliptic, ± 100 x 50 mm, margins entire. Flowers: solitary; sepals 5, hairy on outer side; corolla ± 50 mm in diameter, petals 5, white to pink; Sep.-Nov. Fruit a pome, ± pear-shaped, 70-120 x 60-90 mm, with persistent sepals at top, densely appressed hairy, golden-yellow when ripe.
Branches purplish red, densely tomentose young, purplish brown, glabrous with age. Leaves: petiole 3–10 mm, tomentose young; blade 5–10 × 3–5 cm, base rounded or subcordate, apex acute or emarginate, lustrous or semilustrous. Pedicels 0–5 mm. Flowers: sepals 5–6 mm, apex acute; petals 15–20 mm. 2n = 34.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread endozoochory
Mature width (meter) 2.5 - 4.0
Mature height (meter) 4.95 - 6.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.8
Root diameter (meter) 0.4
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It grows in Mediterranean and temperate climates. It can grow in the highlands in the tropics. It is native to C. and S.W. Asia. It often grows on limestone. The tree is frost hardy. It will grow in many types of soil. It does best with a pH of 6-7. It can grow in a hot dry climate. A quince needs 100-400 hours of chilling. It suits hardiness zones 4-9. Hobart Botanical Gardens. Arboretum Tasmania.
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Damp rich soils in hedgerows and thickets.
Light 6-8
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-8

Usage

The fruit are usually cooked. They are good for jelly and preserves. They are made into pies, candy and jams. The seeds are dried and crushed then simmered for 5 minutes in water and sweetened to taste to make a drink. The seeds also yield a gum used as a stabiliser for ice cream. The leaves are used as wrappings for dolmas. The leaves are used for sarma in Turkey. They are rolled around a filling of rice or minced meat. The flowers can be eaten.
Uses drinks drug dye eating food gene source gum material medicinal oil rootstock
Edible flowers fruits leaves seeds
Therapeutic use Astringents (bark), Astringents (fruit), Cardiotonic agents (fruit), Constipation (fruit), Diarrhea (fruit), Dysentery (fruit), Expectorants (fruit), Cooling effect on body (fruit), Astringents (leaf), Blister (plant exudate), Burns (plant exudate), Expectorants (plant exudate), Ulcer (plant exudate), Antipyretics (seed), Antitussive agents (seed), Common cold (seed), Constipation (seed), Cough (seed), Cystitis (seed), Demulcents (seed), Dermatitis (seed), Diarrhea (seed), Dysentery (seed), Fever (seed), Gastrointestinal agents (seed), Gonorrhea (seed), Pharyngitis (seed), Tuberculosis (seed), Vomiting (seed), Disorder of mucous membrane (seed), Astringents (stem), Headache (unspecified), Antidiarrheic (unspecified), Astringent (unspecified), Breast (unspecified), Cardiac (unspecified), Carminative (unspecified), Cyanogenetic (unspecified), Demulcent (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Digestive (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Emollient (unspecified), Expectorant (unspecified), Refrigerant (unspecified), Restorative (unspecified), Scald (unspecified), Skin lotion (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Tumor(Liver) (unspecified), Pectoral (unspecified), Antivinous (unspecified), Sclerosis(Stomach) (unspecified), Thirst (unspecified), Antifungal agents (unspecified), Burns (unspecified), Central nervous system diseases (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Gonorrhea (unspecified), Pharyngitis (unspecified), Ulcer (unspecified)
Human toxicity weak toxic (whole)
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown easily from cuttings of 2 or 3 year old wood. They can also be grown from seed or by layering. Fresh seed can be used. If seed have been stored they will need 2-4 weeks of gentle warmth followed by 4 months of cold treatment before sowing. They can be grafted.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment stratification
Minimum temperature (C°) -29
Optimum temperature (C°) 10 - 30
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Cydonia oblonga habit picture by Bernard Fabier (cc-by-sa)
Cydonia oblonga habit picture by Conigliaro Ambrogio (cc-by-sa)
Cydonia oblonga habit picture by Pierfrancesco Burrato (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Cydonia oblonga leaf picture by Fabio Fabio (cc-by-sa)
Cydonia oblonga leaf picture by Judith couteau (cc-by-sa)
Cydonia oblonga leaf picture by Roman Cyrul (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Cydonia oblonga flower picture by Solana VERA (cc-by-sa)
Cydonia oblonga flower picture by Laurence Chabalier (cc-by-sa)
Cydonia oblonga flower picture by eLJot (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Cydonia oblonga fruit picture by Mélodie mahieux (cc-by-sa)
Cydonia oblonga fruit picture by Roman Cyrul (cc-by-sa)
Cydonia oblonga fruit picture by Marc Hückstädt (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Cydonia oblonga world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Albania, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Canada, Switzerland, China, Colombia, Czech Republic, Germany, Algeria, Ecuador, Spain, France, Georgia, Greece, Guatemala, Honduras, Croatia, Hungary, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Italy, Kazakhstan, Libya, Morocco, Mexico, Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan, Portugal, Romania, El Salvador, Slovakia, Slovenia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Tunisia, Taiwan, Province of China, Ukraine, United States of America, Uzbekistan, Viet Nam, Yemen, and South Africa

Conservation status

Cydonia oblonga threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:724549-1
WFO ID wfo-0001011708
COL ID 32ZLZ
BDTFX ID 20470
INPN ID 93734
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Cydonia cydonia Cydonia lusitanica Cydonia maliformis Sorbus cydonia Pyrus-cydonia cydonia Cydonia maliformis Cydonia oblonga Pyrus cydonia Cydonia communis Cydonia europaea Cydonia vulgaris Cydonia sumboshia Cydonia vulgaris var. oblonga

Lower taxons

Cydonia oblonga var. maliformis Cydonia oblonga 'Cooke's Jumbo' Cydonia oblonga 'Arthur Colby' Cydonia oblonga 'Bereczki' Cydonia oblonga 'Champion' Cydonia oblonga 'Ekmek' Cydonia oblonga 'Limon' Cydonia oblonga 'Meech' Cydonia oblonga 'Orange' Cydonia oblonga 'Pineapple' Cydonia oblonga 'Portugal' Cydonia oblonga 'Rea' Cydonia oblonga 'Rich' Cydonia oblonga 'Seker Gevrek' Cydonia oblonga 'Smyrna' Cydonia oblonga 'Tekkes' Cydonia oblonga 'Van Deman' Cydonia oblonga 'Vranja'