Cyperus congestus Vahl

Clustered flatsedge (en), Souchet de Cooper (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Cyperaceae > Cyperus

Characteristics

Thickly tufted perennial. Stems 15-40-(80) cm high, rather robust, 3-angled, smooth, leafy and somewhat bulbous and woody at base. Leaves usually < stems, to 7 mm wide, flat, margins smooth below, scabrid towards tip; sheaths purple-brown, minute transverse septa evident. Involucral bracts 3-6, leaf-like, the lowest > inflorescence. Inflorescence a simple or compound umbel or reduced to a single head; rays 2-4, rather rigid, to 6 cm long. Spikelets numerous, 10-20 × 2 mm, narrow-linear, acute, in dense ovate or hemispherical reddish-purple spikes; rhachilla with membranous wings. Glumes ± 3 mm long, not closely imbricate, usually tightly appressed to rhachilla, oblong-elliptic, acute, many-nerved, keel green, margins deep red-purple. Stamens 3. Style-branches 3. Nut ± ½ length of glume, obovoid-oblong, trigonous, dark brown, apiculate.
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Perennial herb, small tufts, 0.17-0.91 m high. Leaf blades 3.8-6.3 mm wide, V-shaped. Culm scapose, 1.4-3.4 mm in diam. Inflorescence a simple, broadly ovoid spike, a simple anthela or a compound anthela of up to 8 ± spherical spikes, spikes 19-42 x 17-43 mm. Subtending bracts 3-8, leaf-like. Spikelets ± very densely crowded, very narrowly ovate, 5-40 x 1.1-2.5 mm, 6-13-flowered. Glumes loosely imbricate, ovate when flattened, 2.5-4.8 mm long, keel non-excurrent. Flowering time Dec.-Apr. Nutlet elliptical 1.2-2.1 x 0.3-0.9 mm, 3-angled, dark purple-black, surface puncticulate.
A sedge. It is an erect herb. These grow in clumps and have grass like leaves and solid stalks. It has underground stems or runners. It keeps growing from year to year. It can grow to 90 cm high. The stems are 3 sided at the top. The leaves can be as long as the stem. They are broad, tough and smooth. The flowers are in an open group at the top of the plant. The bulbs are round and 25 mm across. They have a sharp point at the top. They are covered with papery scales.
Perennial herb, up to 0.9 m high; hygrophyte, tufted, base globular. Flowers: in simple or compound umbels; spikelets very densely crowded, very narrowly ovate to ovate, laterally conspicuously compressed, abscising as entire units, except for basal sterile glumes; glumes tightly imbricate, few per spikelet, purple-black; Nov.-Mar.
Perennial herb, up to 0.9 m high. Hygrophyte. Spikelets very densely crowded, very narrowly ovate to ovate-lanceolate in outline, laterally conspicuously compressed. Glumes straw-coloured.
Sparsely tufted perennial, 20-90 cm. Spikelets reddish.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.7 - 0.9
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c4

Environment

It is a subtropical plant. It grows near the edges of streams and swamps. It suits hot arid places with a marked dry season. It needs well-drained soil. In South Africa it grows between 2-2,425 m altitude. It can grow in arid places.
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Waste places, damp streambanks and estuaries, moist depressions in grassland, margins of temporary water bodies, drainage ditches, and as a weed of disturbed areas.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 6-9
Soil texture 1-2
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-11

Usage

The tubers are lightly roasted and eaten. They are sweet and crisp. They are also eaten raw.
Uses animal food food medicinal
Edible bulbs leaves roots tubers
Therapeutic use Dandruff (leaf), Dandruff (root), Basketry (unspecified), Rope (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It can be grown from bulbs.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 25 - 30
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -7
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Cyperus congestus unspecified picture

Distribution

Cyperus congestus world distribution map, present in Austria, Bangladesh, Switzerland, Spain, Italy, Japan, Lesotho, Namibia, Norfolk Island, New Zealand, Réunion, United States of America, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:304173-1
WFO ID wfo-0000369890
COL ID 33BXD
BDTFX ID 20690
INPN ID 93913
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Cyperus bulbosus Cyperus cooperi Cyperus incarnatus Cyperus linkianus Mariscus cooperi Pycreus congestus Cyperus carinatus Cyperus congestus Cyperus martianus Cyperus multiceps Cyperus paramatta Cyperus paramatta Cyperus subbulbosus Chlorocyperus congestus Cyperus badius Cyperus spiculosus Cyperus congestus var. glanduliferus Cyperus congestus var. grandiceps Cyperus congestus var. pseudonatalensis Mariscus congestus var. glanduliferus Cyperus polycephalus Mariscus congestus