Cyperus cyperoides Kuntze

Pacific island flatsedge (en), Souchet (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Cyperaceae > Cyperus

Characteristics

Perennial with very short rhizome; stolons absent. Stems tufted, rigid, triquetrous, smooth, incrassate at the base which is clothed with the remains of old leaf-sheaths, 20-75 cm by 1-3 mm. Leaves rather weak, flat, gradually long-attenuate, scabrid in the upper part, 3-6 mm wide; lower sheaths reddish brown. Inflorescence simple, rarely subcompound. Involucral bracts 5-10, patent, the lower ones much overtopping the inflorescence, up to 30 cm. Rays 5-17, slender, obliquely patent, straight, smooth, up to 6(-10)cm. Spikes exactly cylindrical when in fruit, obtuse, very dense, with numerous spikelets, 2-4 cm by 6-10 mm. Spikelets at first obliquely erect, finally at right angles to the rachis and the lower ones often reflexed, linear, acute, subterete, maturing (1-)2(-3) nuts (upper flower often ♂), falling off as a whole, 3½-4 by ½-1 mm; rachilla straight, broadly winged; wings hyaline, tightly clasping the nut, c. ½ mm wide; internodes 1½-2 mm. Glumes membranous, appressed, oblong-ovate, rather acute. not keeled, muticous, ⅓ imbricate, with 3-nerved. green keel and stramineous sides, often ferrugineous lineolate, many-nerved, 3-3½ by c. 1 mm. Stamens 3: anthers oblong-linear, ¾-1 mm. Style ½-¾ mm; stigmas 3, longer than the style. Nut trigonous, linear, slightly curved, apiculate, rufous to casta-neous, 1¾-2¼ by ½ mm.
More
Perennials. Rhizomes short, hardened. Culms laxly tufted, 10-60 cm tall, acutely triquetrous, smooth, base swollen and with more leaves. Leaves shorter than to equaling culm; sheath brown to reddish brown; leaf blade 3-6(-8) mm wide, folded at basal part but apically gradually flattened, margin not scabrous. Involucral bracts 5-8, obliquely spreading, leaflike, longer than inflorescence. Inflorescence a simple or subcompound anthela; rays several, 6-12 or sometimes more, short or 6-14 cm, unequal in length, each with 1-5 spikes. Spikes cylindric, 1-2.5[-5] cm × 5-10 mm or sometimes narrower, with many dense spikelets. Spikelets narrowly linear-ovoid, 3-7 × ca. 0.7 mm or sometimes shorter, spreading to reflexed, each (1 or)2-or 3-flowered; rachilla wings white, lanceolate, broad, hyaline. Glumes yellow, yellowish green, or greenish, oblong, ca. 3 mm, veins several with middle 3 green and conspicuous, margin involute, apex obtuse and not mucronate. Stamens 3; anthers broadly linear, 0.8-1 mm; connective prominent beyond anthers. Style short; stigmas 3, slender. Nutlet straw-colored at first but dark brown when mature, narrowly oblong, 1.8-2.2 × ca. 0.5 mm, ca. 2/3 as long as subtending glume, 3-sided, minutely punctate. Fl. and fr. Apr-Dec. 2n = 82, 88, 134, 220, 224.
A tall sedge. It keeps growing from year to year. It has a short woody underground stem or rhizome. This has brown fibres over it. The stalks are erect and 3 sided. These grow in clumps and have grass like leaves and solid stalks. It is slender and 75 cm high. The leaves are soft and light green. They are 4 mm wide and have a distinct midrib. They taper to a point. The flowering stem is 2 mm across and has a ring of bracts below the flowering section. The spikelets are spreading and light colour. The flowering heads are 3-8 cm wide.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.5 - 0.6
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c4

Environment

Open, sunny or lightly shaded places in grassland, roadsides, ditch margins, river margins, wet places, forest clearings and in secondary forest and thickets; at elevations up to 1,800 metres, exceptionally to 3,200 metres.
More
Open or lightly shaded grassland, old clearings, secondary forests, road-sides, thickets, often a common weed in gardens, 0-1800 m.
A tropical plant. It grows in the tropics in Asia. It grows in wet areas. In Fiji it grows from sea level to 900 m altitude.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 7-9
Soil texture 1-2
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

The roots and seeds are made into flour.
Uses animal food food material medicinal social use
Edible rhizomes roots seeds stems tubers
Therapeutic use Vermifuge (unspecified), Toothache (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 25 - 30
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -7
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Cyperus cyperoides unspecified picture

Distribution

Cyperus cyperoides world distribution map, present in Angola, Australia, Benin, Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, Central African Republic, China, Congo, Cook Islands, Comoros, Cuba, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Honduras, Indonesia, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Liberia, Moldova (Republic of), Madagascar, Mali, Myanmar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, Nigeria, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Rwanda, Sudan, Senegal, Solomon Islands, Suriname, eSwatini, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Tonga, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, Wallis and Futuna, Samoa, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Cyperus cyperoides threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:74581-2
WFO ID wfo-0000370984
COL ID 33BZN
BDTFX ID 82216
INPN ID 446182
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Cyperus biglumis Cyperus konkanensis Cyperus kraussii Cyperus macrocarpus Cyperus manilensis Cyperus steudelianus Cyperus subumbellatus Kyllinga sumatrensis Kyllinga umbellata Mariscus alternifolius Mariscus biglumis Mariscus clarkei Mariscus concinnus Mariscus corymbosus Mariscus cyperoides Mariscus macer Mariscus macrocarpus Mariscus nossibeensis Mariscus pachystachyus Mariscus philippensis Mariscus polyphyllus Mariscus pseudoflavus Mariscus quarrei Mariscus radiatus Mariscus steudelianus Mariscus sublimis Mariscus sumatrensis Mariscus umbellatus Cyperus sublimis Cyperus umbellatus Mariscus humbertii Kyllinga biglumis Lipocarpha mangarevica Scirpus cyperoides Mariscus linctus Cyperus linctus Cyperus cyperoides Cyperus flexifolius Cyperus cyperoides Mariscus sieberianus Mariscus umbellatus Cyperus nossibeensis Cyperus cyperoides var. aureus Cyperus cyperoides var. brevispicatus Cyperus cyperoides var. clarkei Cyperus cyperoides var. khasianus Cyperus cyperoides subsp. macrocarpus Cyperus cyperoides var. microstachys Cyperus cyperoides var. nossibeensis Cyperus cyperoides var. polyphyllus Cyperus cyperoides subsp. pseudoflavus Cyperus cyperoides var. repens Cyperus cyperoides var. subcompositus Cyperus macrocarpus var. excelsior Cyperus macrocarpus var. humbertii Cyperus macrocarpus var. kraussii Cyperus macrocarpus var. pseudoflavus Cyperus macrocarpus var. submacrocarpus Cyperus subumbellatus var. sessilispicatus Cyperus subumbellatus var. subglobosus Cyperus subumbellatus var. sublimis Mariscus concinnus var. evolutior Mariscus concinnus var. khasianus Mariscus concinnus var. subcompositus Mariscus sieberianus var. evolutior Mariscus sieberianus var. khasianus Mariscus sieberianus var. nossibeensis Mariscus sieberianus var. subcompositus Mariscus sumatrensis var. evolutior Mariscus sumatrensis var. khasianus Mariscus sumatrensis var. macrocarpus Mariscus sumatrensis var. subcompositus Cyperus cyperoides var. evolutior Mariscus cyperoides var. capitatus Cyperus cylindrostachyus var. subcompositus Kyllinga umbellata var. sumatrensis Mariscus umbellatus var. evolutior Mariscus umbellatus var. microstachys Mariscus umbellatus var. sieberianus Mariscus umbellatus var. subcompositus Mariscus sumatrensis var. microstachys Cyperus cyperoides var. ovalis Cyperus sieberianus Cyperus cyperoides subsp. cyperoides Mariscus linctus var. subcompositus

Lower taxons

Cyperus cyperoides subsp. flavus