Cyperus longus L.

Sweet cyperus (en), Souchet odorant (fr), Souchet long (fr), Souchet allongé (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Cyperaceae > Cyperus

Characteristics

Rhizome far-extending, woody, branched, to 1 cm diam. Stems to 60 cm × 2.5 mm, 3-angled, leafy at base. Leaves slightly < stems, 2-3 mm wide, double-folded, margins smooth below, finely scabrid towards tip; basal sheaths white to red, with numerous deep reddish-brown nerves, upper sheaths white. Involucral bracts 3-4, leaf-like, unequal, lowermost exceedingly long (to 50 cm). Inflorescence a compound umbel; rays several, unequal, ± filiform, to 5 cm long. Spikelets reddish-to purplish-brown in digitate clusters, linear compressed, subacute, 6-11 × ± 2 mm. Rhachilla with delicate hyaline wings from base of glumes. Glumes 2.5-3 mm long, closely imbricate, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, reddish-brown to reddish-purple except for bright green keel, shining, nerves obscure. Stamens 3. Style-branches 3. Nut ± ⅓ length of glume trigonous.
More
A sedge. It has single stems. These are almost triangle shaped in cross section. They grow 0.6-1.2 m high. It has thick rhizomes. The leaves are bright green and have stiff ribs. These spread out at the top like an umbrella. The leaves are 3-10 mm wide. They have brown flower spikelets in between. There are 3-6 bracts and the inflorescence has 8-12 rays.
Rhizomatous, erect perennial, up to 1(-1.5) m tall. Leaf blades flat, keeled, 3-5 mm wide. Stem 3-angled. Inflorescence of several stalked clusters of spikelets, radiating from stem apex with several, suberect, leaf-like basal bracts. Spikelets flattened, linear, 1-1.5 mm wide, glumes dark reddish brown with pale margins.
A fairly robust, polymorphic, perennial herb, up to 0.9 m high. Stolons stout, not ending in tubers. Culm base not much swollen. Glumes reddish brown with a narrow, uncoloured margin.
Stout perennial to 1 m. Spikelets dark reddish brown with pale margins.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination anemogamy
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) 1.5 - 1.75
Mature height (meter) 0.85 - 1.1
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) 0.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c4

Environment

Marshes and the margins of water bodies such as lakes, ponds, rivers, streams, canals and ditches.
More
Marshes and the margins of water bodies such as lakes, ponds, rivers, streams, canals and ditches.
It grows on muddy banks. It grows best in water 5-10 cm deep. It suits hardiness zones 6-9.
Light 5-9
Soil humidity 8-11
Soil texture 1-4
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 7-9

Usage

The tubers are used as a spice in soups, pies and sweets.
Uses animal food environmental use fiber food food additive gene source material medicinal ornamental poison seasoning spice
Edible roots stems tubers
Therapeutic use Appetite stimulants (tuber), Menstruation-inducing agents (tuber), General tonic for rejuvenation (tuber), Diuretic (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Rope (unspecified), Stitch (unspecified), Pain (unspecified), Fumitory (unspecified), Mat (unspecified), Side (unspecified), Thatch (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown by seed. They can also be grown by division.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) 25 - 30
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -18
Optimum temperature (C°) 14 - 32
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Cyperus longus habit picture by Sans Attaches (cc-by-sa)
Cyperus longus habit picture by Prieta Javier (cc-by-sa)
Cyperus longus habit picture by Diego Alex (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Cyperus longus leaf picture by Hans van Lieshout (cc-by-sa)
Cyperus longus leaf picture by Hans van Lieshout (cc-by-sa)
Cyperus longus leaf picture by Jean-Michel Faton (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Cyperus longus flower picture by Jorge Iglesias (cc-by-sa)
Cyperus longus flower picture by Llandrich anna (cc-by-sa)
Cyperus longus flower picture by Hans van Lieshout (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Cyperus longus fruit picture by Sans Attaches (cc-by-sa)
Cyperus longus fruit picture by Sans Attaches (cc-by-sa)
Cyperus longus fruit picture by Sofia Blanco (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Cyperus longus world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Angola, Albania, Austria, Benin, Bangladesh, Bulgaria, Botswana, Central African Republic, Switzerland, China, Cabo Verde, Cyprus, Germany, Djibouti, Algeria, Egypt, Spain, Ethiopia, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Greece, Hungary, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Lesotho, Morocco, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Nepal, New Zealand, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Senegal, Somalia, eSwatini, Turks and Caicos Islands, Chad, Togo, Turkmenistan, Tunisia, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Uzbekistan, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Cyperus longus threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:330932-2
WFO ID wfo-0000377196
COL ID 6C83Q
BDTFX ID 20785
INPN ID 93967
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Chlorocyperus longus Cyperus fastigiatus Cyperus preslii Cyperus tenuiflorus Pycreus longus Cyperus racemosus Eucyperus longus Cyperus italicus Cyperus longus f. badiiformis Cyperus longus f. cypricus Cyperus longus f. difformis Cyperus longus f. intermedius Cyperus longus f. lucanus Cyperus longus f. myriostachyus Cyperus speciosus Cyperus pertenuis Cyperus fenzelianus var. badiiformis Cyperus longus var. auratus Cyperus longus var. discolor Cyperus longus var. elongatus Cyperus longus var. elongatus Cyperus longus var. guthnickii Cyperus longus var. heldreichianus Cyperus longus var. leptochlaenus Cyperus longus var. pallidior Cyperus longus var. pallidus Cyperus longus var. tenuiflorus Cyperus parlatoris var. difformis Cyperus rotundus var. fenzelianus Cyperus longus var. speciosus Cyperus preslii subsp. intermedius Cyperus badius var. brachystachys Cyperus badius var. neglectus Cyperus congestus subsp. heldreichianus Cyperus elongatus Cyperus longus f. longispiculatus Cyperus longus f. parlatoris Cyperus longus

Lower taxons

Cyperus longus subsp. badius Cyperus longus subsp. longus