Cyperus niger Ruiz & Pav.

Black flatsedge (en), Choin noircissant (fr), Choin noirâtre (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Cyperaceae > Cyperus

Characteristics

Herbs, perennial, rhizomatous. Culms solitary or close together, trigonous, 5–40(–95) cm, glabrous. Leaves (2–)3–7, broadly V-shaped, 3–20(–30) cm × 1.5–3 mm. Inflorescences: spikes loosely to densely ovoid to hemispheric, 7–16 mm diam.; rachis 1–2 mm, or absent; rays 1–2, 3–45 mm; if rays absent, inflorescence sessile, dense, 6–20 mm diam; bracts 2–3, horizontal to reflexed downward, broadly V-shaped, 1–15 cm × 1–3 mm. Spikelets (3–)5–25(–60), linear to oblong-linear, (3–)5–9 × 1.8–2.3 mm; floral scales 4–18, closely imbricate, chestnut brown, black, or brown, medially green or greenish brown, laterally ribless, medially 2(–3)-ribbed, distinctly 2-keeled basally, ovate to orbiculate, 1.5–2.1 × 1.4–2.2 mm, apex obtuse. Flowers: stamens 2; anthers 0.6–0.8 mm, connectives not prolonged; styles 0.4–0.6 mm; stigmas 0.7–2.1 mm. Achenes brown, ellipsoid, 1.2–1.4 × 0.6–0.8 mm, network of ridges forming isodiametric or square cells, slightly stipitate, apex apiculate, surfaces minutely punctate.
More
Plants usually rhizomatous, frequently with interlacing culms; culms slender, erect, 10-30 cm. high; leaves sparse, 0.5-2 mm. wide, equaling or shorter than the culms; bracts long and leaf-like; inflorescence capitate, less frequently with 1-3 short rays; spikelets compressed, 4-10 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, black or more frequently castaneous; scales 1.5-2 mm. long, usually closely appressed; achene biconvex, unsymmetrically ellipsoid, 1-1.5 mm. long, deep brown and densely papillose when mature.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.1 - 0.3
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) 25 - 30
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Cyperus niger world distribution map, present in Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, United States of America, and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:74915-2
WFO ID wfo-0000378284
COL ID 33CXB
BDTFX ID 20804
INPN ID 93982
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Cyperus adustus Cyperus biradiatus Cyperus melanostachyus Cyperus niger Cyperus pergracilis Cyperus variegatus Pycreus cimicinus Pycreus melanostachyus Chlorocyperus cimicinus Chlorocyperus melanostachyus Cyperus cimicinus Cyperus intricatoramosus Cyperus longicruris Cyperus lorentzianus Cyperus melanostachyus var. robustus Cyperus niger var. castaneus Cyperus niger var. intricatoramosus Cyperus niger var. pseudoelegantulus Cyperus niger var. robustus Cyperus diandrus var. capitatus Cyperus lorentzianus var. compressus Cyperus melanostachyus var. caespitosus Cyperus melanostachyus var. gracilis Cyperus niger var. capitatus (britton) o'neill Pycreus melanostachyus var. variegata Cyperus lorentzianus var. elatus Cyperus diandrus var. castaneus Cyperus piceus f. densior Cyperus niger var. lorentzianus