Dactyloctenium australe Steud.

Durban grass (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Poaceae > Dactyloctenium

Characteristics

Perennials, erect or geniculate, stoloniferous, rhizomes absent. Flowering culms 30–80 cm high. Ligule a ciliate membrane, ±0.5 mm long. Inflorescence branches 2–4, touching only near base (when flattened), 1.9–5.5 cm long, 3–7 mm wide including the spikelets and awns; bare tip 4–5 mm long, 9–22% of total branch length. Spikelets elliptic to ovate, 4–5.5 mm long, 3–6-flowered, with 2–5 closely overlapping bisexual florets. Glumes with the lower narrower than the upper, 1.6–2 mm long; lower glume mucronulate; upper glume obovate, with awn 2.5–3.5 mm long. Basal lemma 2.5–4 mm long, awned, with nerves converging towards the apex, scaberulous along entire midnerve; awn 0.5–1.5 mm long. Palea flaps ±as wide as body. Anthers 1–1.8 mm long, orange. Caryopsis elliptic to obovate, acute or obtuse at base, apically obtuse. Incomplete lemma shortly awned or aristulate.
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Stoloniferous perennial; culms slender, 32–80 cm. high, erect or geniculately ascending.. Leaf-blades flat, 5–27 cm. long, 2.5–4.5 mm. wide, softly pilose with tubercle-based spreading hairs, especially on the lower surface, acuminate.. Inflorescence composed of (3–)4–5(–6) linear-oblong ascending spikes 3.2–5 cm. long.. Spikelets 4–6-flowered, elliptic-oblong, 5–5.5 mm. long; lower glume oblong in profile, 1.75 mm. long, truncate with a diverging mucro 0.5–0.75 mm. long; upper glume narrowly obovate in profile, 1.7–1.9 mm. long, the keel extended into a stout awn 11/3–1 3/4 as long as the glume; lemmas lanceolate to narrowly ovate in profile, 3.5–3.7 mm. long, the tips flexuous, acuminate-aristulate, the keel scabrid above the middle and extended into an awn-point 0.5–0.7 mm. long; palea-keels unwinged; anthers 1.3–1.7 mm. long.. Grain not seen.
Stoloniferous perennial, 130-810 mm high. Leaf blade 50-270 x 2.0-4.5 mm. Inflorescence digitate or subdigitate, of 2 or 3 secund racemes, 30-50 mm long, apex of rachis a barren, rigid, pointed extension. Spikelets 3-4 mm long; glumes strongly keeled, 1-nerved, upper glume awn 11/3-13/4 as long as glume. Florets 4-6; lemma keel scabrid above middle, awn 0.5-0.7 mm long; anther 1.3-1.7 mm long. Flowering time Jan.-May. Caryopsis obovate, apex rounded to convex.
Perennial 130-810 mm high; stoloniferous. Leaf blades 50-270 x 2.0-4.5 mm. Inflorescence of 2-3(6) racemes (15)25-35(50) mm long. Spikelet 3.0-4.0(5.5) mm long; upper glume and awn usually shorter to just longer than adjacent lemma body; lemma acuminate, awn 0.5-1.3 mm long, keel thick, scabrid above middle; anthers 1.3-1.7 mm long; caryopsis obovate, apex rounded to convex.
Perennial, stoloniferous, up to 0.81 m high. Leaf blades 50-270 mm long, 2.0-4.5 mm wide. Spikelets 3-4 mm long. Spikes 2 or 3, 30-50 mm long; lemma keel scabrid above middle, awn 0.5-0.7 mm long; anthers 1.3-1.7 mm long; grains obovate, apex rounded to convex.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.3 - 0.81
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) 0.1
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c4

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 5-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Uses animal food environmental use
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Dactyloctenium australe world distribution map, present in Australia, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, Réunion, eSwatini, Tanzania, United Republic of, Wallis and Futuna, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:397392-1
WFO ID wfo-0000861711
COL ID 6BYDY
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 672052
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Dactyloctenium australe