Dalbergia melanoxylon Guill. & Perr.

Mozambique ebony (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Dalbergia

Characteristics

Spiny shrub or tree, up to 5–12(–30) m. tall, typically several-stemmed and much branched to form a low irregularly shaped crown; bark grey, ultimately rough and fissured or flaking; heartwood purplish-brown to black.. Branchlets clustered at the nodes, some growing out, others relatively short and spine-tipped, covered at first with short crisped hairs, but usually soon glabrescent.. Leaves mostly 6–22 cm. long; stipules oblong-ovate or oblong, 2–6 mm. long, fugaceous; lateral leaflets 4–6(–8) on either side of rhachis, mostly oblong-obovate to obovate, 1–5(–5.5) cm. long, 0.7–3(–5) cm. wide, truncate or emarginate at apex, broadly cuneate to rounded or slightly cordate at base, shortly pubescent at least beneath, glabrescent; primary lateral nerves 8–12 on either side of midrib, the lower ones ascending to upper half.. Panicles appearing with flush of new leaves, ±3–12 cm. long, laxly branched, many-flowered, with slender subglabrous to shortly crisped-pubescent axes; bracts linear-lanceolate to ovate, concave, 0.5–1 mm. long, caducous; bracteoles at top of short pedicel similar.. Calyx 2–3(–4) mm. long, sparsely pubescent to subglabrous except on margins.. Corolla 4–6 mm. long, white, fragrant; standard elliptic-obovate or obovate, narrowed to claw; wings little shorter than standard and slightly exceeding keel.. Stamens usually 9, united or variously divided.. Fruit elliptic-oblong or irregularly oblong, bluntly pointed, with the 0.5–1 cm. long stipe 3–7 cm. long, 0.8–1.4 (–2) cm. wide, papery, glabrous, laxly and rather diffusely veined, 1–2-seeded.. Fig. 21/1–9.
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Spiny shrub or tree, up to 5-12(-30) m tall, typically several stemmed and much branched to form a low irregularly shaped crown; bark grey, ultimately rough and fissured or flaking; heartwood purplish-brown to black. Branchlets clustered at the nodes, some growing out, others relatively short and spine-tipped, covered at first with short crisped hairs, but usually soon glabrescent. Leaves mostly 6-22 cm long; stipules oblong-ovate or oblong, 2-6 mm long, fugaceous; lateral leaflets 4-6(-8) on either side of rhachis, mostly oblong-obovate to obovate, 1-5(-5.5) cm long, 0.7-3(-5) cm wide, truncate or emarginate at apex, broadly cuneate to rounded or slightly cordate at base, shortly pubescent at least beneath, glabrescent; primary lateral nerves 8-12 on either side of midrib, the lower ones ascending to upper half. Panicles appearing with flush of new leaves, ±3-12 cm long, laxly branched, many-flowered, with slender subglabrous to shortly crisped-pubescent axes; bracts linear-lanceolate to ovate, concave, 0.5-1 mm long, caducous; bracteoles at top of short pedicel similar. Calyx 2-3(-4) mm long, sparsely pubescent to subglabrous except on margins. Corolla 4-6 mm long, white, fragrant; standard elliptic-obovate or obovate, narrowed to claw; wings little shorter than standard and slightly exceeding keel. Stamens usually 9, united or variously divided. Fruit elliptic-oblong or irregularly oblong, bluntly pointed, with the 0.5-1 cm long stipe 3-7 cm long, 0.8-1.4 (-2) cm wide, papery, glabrous, laxly and rather diffusely veined, 1-2-seeded.
A climber. It can be a shrub or straggling tree. It grows 10 m high. It has many branches and many spines. The crown is irregular. The bark is rough and grey. It flakes off in small scales. The leaves are 8-20 cm long. There are 6-12 leaflets. The are 1-4 cm long by 1-3 cm wide and almost round. The group of flowers are in the axils of leaves or at the ends of branches. They can be 8 cm long. The flowers are white and have a sweet scent. They are small. The fruit is a 1-3 seeded pod. It is 3-7 cm long by 1-2 cm wide. It is thin and stiff and has lumps over the seeds. There are 8-10 seeds. They are 7-8 mm long by 1.5 mm wide. They are reddish-brown and glossy.
Leaves 8–20 cm long; petiole 1.5–5 cm long, rachis 4–13 cm long; petiolules 1.5–2 mm long; leaflets 6–12 or more, 1–3.5 × 1–2.5 cm, circular to broadly elliptic or obovate or subspathulate, rounded to truncate and often emarginate or retuse at the apex, rounded or slightly cordate or cuneate at the base; lateral nerves scarcely visible; stipules 2.5–5 mm long, caducous.
Standard 3.5–4.5 mm long, broadly obovate, emarginate or retuse, claw c.1 mm long; wings oblong-obovate, claw c.1.5 mm long; keel petals shorter and broader than the wings, dorsally slightly connate or free.
Inflorescence of axillary and terminal panicles 2.5–8 cm long, usually borne on reduced short, spine-tipped shoots; bracts and bracteoles c.1 mm long, usually present at anthesis.
Shrub or straggling tree up to c.10 m high, much-branched, with spines derived from modified shoots; crown irregular; bark rough, greyish, flaking off in small scales.
A small tree up to 20 ft. high, much-branched, glabrous, armed with woody spines which are the hardened tips of short branches often bearing leaves and flowers
Calyx 2.5–3 mm long, slightly puberulous; upper teeth shallow and rounded, the lateral ones rounded, the lower one triangular-acute and longer than the rest.
Stamens 9 in a single bundle, the upper one free or absent, or fused in 2 bundles of 5.
Pod 1–3-seeded, 2.5–7 × 1–1.8 cm, thin, stiff, conspicuously reticulate over the seeds.
Young parts minutely crisped-puberulous, soon glabrous; bark smooth and pale grey.
Flowers white, sweet-scented, 3.5–5 mm long, secund; pedicels 1–3 mm long.
Ovary 2–4-ovulate, puberulous; style short, oblique, stipe c.1.5 mm long.
Seed 8–10 × 7–8 × 1.5 mm; testa reddish-brown, glossy.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 6.0 - 10.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Grows under a wide range of conditions including semi-arid, subhumid and tropical lowland areas. It is often found on dry, rocky sites but is most frequent in the mixed deciduous forests and savannahs of the coastal region.
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A tropical plant. It grows at low altitude in seasonally dry mixed woodland. It grows in Miombo woodland. It grows up to 1,450 m altitude. It is rare in Swaziland. It often grows on termite mounds. In XTBG Yunnan.
In savannah country.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 1-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

Uses animal food bee plant charcoal environmental use fodder food fuel invertebrate food material medicinal oil timber wood
Edible barks leaves
Therapeutic use Anti-bacterial agents (bark), Antifungal agents (bark)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from fresh seeds. They are transplanted after 5 months.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 20 - 35
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Dalbergia melanoxylon leaf picture by Lusajo Mwakibinga (cc-by-sa)
Dalbergia melanoxylon leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Dalbergia melanoxylon flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Dalbergia melanoxylon flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Dalbergia melanoxylon flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Dalbergia melanoxylon world distribution map, present in Angola, Burkina Faso, Botswana, Central African Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Ethiopia, India, Kenya, Sri Lanka, Mali, Mozambique, Malawi, Nigeria, Sudan, Senegal, Chad, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Dalbergia melanoxylon threat status: Near Threatened

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:490328-1
WFO ID wfo-0000172325
COL ID 33Z5S
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Amerimnon melanoxylon Amerimnon stocksii Dalbergia stocksii Dalbergia melanoxylon