Derris trifoliata Lour.

Threeleaf derris (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Derris

Characteristics

Liane with twining stems up to 15 m or more high, glabrous except for the inflorescence. Leaves up to 18 cm long; petiole 2.5-6.5 cm long, rachis 2-6 cm long; petiolules 2-5 mm long; leaflets 1-2(3) on each side of the rachis, 4-7(8) x 2.5-4 cm, ovate to elliptic, the terminal one the largest, thin and stiff to leathery, acuminate with the apex obtuse to subacute, rounded at the base, midrib flat above, prominent beneath; lateral nerves in 5-8-pairs, flat on both surfaces; stipules falling early. Inflorescence 3-15 cm long, axillary, also borne on leafless stems; axis sparsely pubescent; bracts c. 1 mm long, ovate-acute, sparsely pubescent. Flowers c. 10 mm long, in triads on short lateral branches up to 5 mm long, single towards the axis top; pedicels 2-5 mm long, articulated at or near the base; bracteoles very small, present at anthesis, later deciduous. Calyx 2-2.5 mm long, broadly campanulate, truncate and sparsely hairy above. Corolla pink. Standard c. 9 mm in diameter, quadrate-circular, broadly emarginate or retuse, with a 1.5-2 mm long claw at the base; wings obovate, adhering slightly to the keel below the middle, auriculate, with a claw c. 2.5 mm long; keel petals sparsely puberulous towards the ciliolate auricle, claw c. 3 mm long. Stamen filaments 9-10 mm long, the lower 5-6 mm fused into a tube; anthers c. 0.5 mm long, versatile. Ovary 3-6-ovulate, subsessile, puberulous; style 6 mm long; stigma subcapitate. Pod normally 1-seeded, 3-3.5 x 1.5-2 cm, flat, subreniform to subquadrangular, slightly reticulate, wing 1-1.8 mm broad; style persistent. Seed 2.2-2.5 x 1.5 x 0.3-0.4 mm, subreniform with a red-brown testa.
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Woody climber with twining branches, up to 3-15 m high. Branchlets subglabrous, brown with conspicuous paler raised lenticels. Leaves 8-21(-30 outside Africa) cm long; stipules triangular-ovate or subulate, 2-3 mm long, caducous; stipels setaceous, ± 1 mm long; leaflets 3-5(-7 outside Africa), lanceolate to ovate or elliptic, 5-11 (-15 outside Africa) cm long, 2.5-6.5(-7.5) cm wide, acuminate, rounded to the very slightly peltate base, shiny, fresh-green, subglabrous, with 8-14 very fine usually rather inconspicuous spreading lateral nerves on either side and fine reticulate venation. Panicles terminal and axillary, subracemose, with the flowers clustered on very short axes lateral from the simple rachis, 10-28 cm long, with only small scattered hairs; bracts lanceolate or ovate, 0.5-1 mm long, ciliate; bracteoles inserted near middle or on the upper part of the 2-4(-6) mm long pedicel, similar. Calyx shortly and broadly campanulate, subtruncate with the teeth scarcely distinguishable, ciliolate but otherwise subglabrous. Corolla white to very pale mauve, tinged pink, 9-12 mm long. Fruit ± kidney-shaped to subrectangular, rounded on the lower side, narrowly winged on the upper side, sessile, 3-4.5(-5.5) cm long, 2-3(-3.5) cm wide, pale, subglabrous or with scattered hairs towards base, venose, 1(-2 outside Africa)-seeded. Seeds oblong-reniform, mostly 1.5-2 cm long, wrinkled, brown.
Lianas, glabrous. Leaves (3 or)5(or 7)-foliolate; rachis 7-15 cm, including petiole 5-9 cm; leaflet blades ovate-oblong, 5-10 × 2-4 cm, firmly papery to subleathery, base rounded to slightly cordate, apex obtusely acuminate. Pseudoracemes axil­lary, 5-10 cm; rachis nodes with 2 or 3(-6) fascicled flowers sometimes borne on a short branchlet. Pedicel 2-4 mm. Flow­ers ca. 1.2 cm. Calyx campanulate, ca. 2 mm, glabrous or sub­glabrous; teeth very short, obtuse. Corolla whitish to pink, ca. 1 cm; standard suborbicular. Ovary sparsely pubescent. Legume obliquely ovoid, globose, or oblong, 2.5-4 × 2-3 cm, com­pressed, glabrous; adaxial suture with a narrow wing. Seeds 1 or 2 per legume. Fl. Apr-Aug, fr. Aug-Dec. 2n = 22.
Leaves up to 18 cm long; petiole 2.5–6.5 cm long, rachis 2–6 cm long; petiolules 2–5 mm long; leaflets 1–2(3) on each side of the rachis, 4–7(8) × 2.5–4 cm, ovate to elliptic, the terminal one the largest, thin and stiff to leathery, acuminate with the apex obtuse to subacute, rounded at the base, midrib flat above, prominent beneath; lateral nerves in 5–8-pairs, flat on both surfaces; stipules falling early.
A climber. It is a woody vine. They can be 4 cm across. The leaves are compound and usually have 3-7 leaflets. The leaflets are narrowly oval and 6-15 cm long by 3-8 cm wide. The flowering shoots are 7-10 cm long. The flowers are white to pink. They are 13 mm across. The fruit are flat and 4-5 cm long by 2-3 cm wide. They usually only have one seed. The seed is kidney shaped and 25 mm long by 18 mm wide.
Standard c.9 mm in diameter, quadrate-circular, broadly emarginate or retuse, with a 1.5–2 mm long claw at the base; wings obovate, adhering slightly to the keel below the middle, auriculate, with a claw c.2.5 mm long; keel petals sparsely puberulous towards the ciliolate auricle, claw c.3 mm long.
Flowers c.10 mm long, in triads on short lateral branches up to 5 mm long, single towards the axis top; pedicels 2–5 mm long, articulated at or near the base; bracteoles very small, present at anthesis, later deciduous.
Inflorescence 3–15 cm long, axillary, also borne on leafless stems; axis sparsely pubescent; bracts c.1 mm long, ovate-acute, sparsely pubescent.
Pod normally 1-seeded, 3–3.5 × 1.5–2 cm, flat, subreniform to subquadrangular, slightly reticulate, wing 1–1.8 mm broad; style persistent.
Stamen filaments 9–10 mm long, the lower 5–6 mm fused into a tube; anthers c.0.5 mm long, versatile.
Liane with twining stems up to 15 m or more high, glabrous except for the inflorescence.
Ovary 3–6-ovulate, subsessile, puberulous; style 6 mm long; stigma subcapitate.
Calyx 2–2.5 mm long, broadly campanulate, truncate and sparsely hairy above.
Seed 2.2–2.5 × 1.5 × 0.3–0.4 mm, subreniform with a red-brown testa.
Corolla pink.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support climber
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 6.5 - 12.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer rhizobia
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Mangrove swamps, brackish swamps, coastal primary and secondary forest, coastal bushland and thicket, particularly along rivers near their tidal limits or along the shore; at elevations up to 400 metres.
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A tropical plant. It grows in brackish water near rivers. It occurs in the Western Ghats in India.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses animal food bee plant fiber fibre forage invertebrate food material medicinal non-vertebrate poison poison social use vertebrate poison
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Anthelmintics (bark), Antirheumatic agents (bark), Dysmenorrhea (bark), Fishes, poisonous (bark), Insect repellents (bark), General tonic for rejuvenation (bark), Snake bites (bark), Dysentery (leaf), Dyspepsia (leaf), Abdominal pain (root), Galactogogues (root), Insecticides (root), Neoplasms (root), General tonic for rejuvenation (root), Diabetes mellitus (stem), Arrow-poison (unspecified), Counterirritant (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Insecticide (unspecified), Piscicide (unspecified), Spasm (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Anti-infective agents, local (unspecified), Antirheumatic agents (unspecified), Dysmenorrhea (unspecified), Parasympatholytics (unspecified), General tonic for rejuvenation (unspecified), Sprains and strains (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds or cuttings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Derris trifoliata leaf picture by Coordination Endemia (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Derris trifoliata flower picture by Ash Welch (cc-by-sa)
Derris trifoliata flower picture by Coordination Endemia (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Derris trifoliata world distribution map, present in Australia, Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, China, Fiji, Indonesia, India, Kenya, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Myanmar, Mozambique, Malaysia, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Réunion, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Seychelles, Thailand, Tonga, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, United States of America, Viet Nam, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:491450-1
WFO ID wfo-0000198908
COL ID 34YX7
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447181
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Robinia uliginosa Deguelia trifoliata Derris trifoliata Derris uliginosa Derris heterophylla Dalbergia heterophylla Derris forsteniana Pongamia uliginosa Pterocarpus uliginosus Derris multiflora Derris heteropylla Derris affinis Derris floribunda Pterocarpus frutescens Tephrosia uliginosa Pongamia triphylla Pongamia religiosa Pongamia piscatoria Sweetia uliginosa Dalbergia radicans Dalbergia repens Pongamia madagascariensis Deguelia multiflora Pterocarpus trifoliatus Pterocarpus forstenianus Pongamia madagascariensis Deguelia uliginosa Galedupa uliginosa Pterocarpus multiflorus Brachypterum floribundum Dalbergia acuminata Deguelia floribunda Deguelia uliginosa var. loureiri Derris trifoliata var. macrocarpa