Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl

Herb sophia (en), Descurainie Sagesse (fr), Descurainie sagesse (fr), Sagesse des chirurgiens (fr), Herbe de Sainte-Sophie (fr), Sisymbre sagesse (fr), Descurainie sagesse, sagesse-des-chirurgiens (fr), Vélar sagesse (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Brassicales > Brassicaceae > Descurainia

Characteristics

Annuals; eglandular; sparsely to densely pubescent, sometimes glabrous distally, trichomes dendritic. Stems erect, un-branched or branched distally, (1-)2-7(-10) dm. Basal leaves: petiole 0.1-2(-3) cm; blade 2-or 3-pinnate, ovate or oblong to obovate in outline, to 15 cm, lateral lobes linear or oblong, (to 10 × 2 mm), margins entire. Cauline leaves sessile or shortly petiolate; blade smaller distally, distal lobes often narrower, surfaces often glabrous. Racemes considerably elongated in fruit. Fruiting pedicels divaricate to ascending, straight, (5-) 8-15(-20) mm. Flowers: sepals erect to ascending, yellowish, oblong, 1.8-2.8 mm, glabrate to sparsely pubescent; petals narrowly oblanceolate, 2-3 × 0.4-0.6 mm; median filaments 2-3 mm; anthers 0.3-0.4 mm. Fruits divaricate-ascending to erect, narrowly linear, torulose, (12-)15-27(-30) × 0.5-0.8(-1) mm, (straight or curved upward); valves each with distinct midvein; septum with a broad central longitudinal band appearing as 2 or 3 veins; ovules 20-48 per ovary; style obsolete, 0.05-0.2 mm, glabrous. Seeds uniseriate, reddish brown, oblong, 0.7-1.3 × 0.3-0.6 mm. 2n = 28.
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Herbs annual, (10-)20-70(-100) cm tall, eglandular, sparsely to densely pubescent with dendritic trichomes, sometimes glabrous distally. Stems erect, simple basally, often branched above. Basal and lowermost cauline leaves 2-or 3-pinnatisect, ovate or oblong in outline, to 15 × 8 cm; petiole 0.1-2(-3) cm; leaf blade ultimate division linear or oblong, entire, acute to 10 × 2 mm. Upper cauline leaves sessile or shortly petiolate, smaller and often with narrower ultimate lobes, often glabrous. Fruiting pedicels (0.5-)0.8-1.5(-2) cm, slender, much narrower than fruit, straight, divaricate or ascending. Sepals yellowish, oblong-linear, 2-2.5 × ca. 0.5 mm. Petals yellow, narrowly oblanceolate, 2-2.5 × ca. 0.5 mm; claw 1.5-2 mm. Filaments 2-3 mm; anthers ca. 0.5 mm. Ovules 20-40 per ovary. Fruit narrowly linear, (1.2-)1.5-2.7(-3) cm × 0.5-0.8(-1) mm; valves glabrous, torulose, with a prominent midvein; septum with a broad central longitudinal band appearing as 2 or 3 veins; style obsolete or to 0.2 mm. Seeds reddish brown, oblong, 0.7-1 × 0.3-0.6 mm. Fl. and Fr. Apr-Jun. 2n = 28*.
Annual herb. Rosette short-lived or 0. Stem sometimes purplish, erect, stellate-hairy, to 1 m tall. All lvs ± densely stellate-hairy, 2-3-pinnatisect, glaucous, 2-7 × 1-3 cm; lobes linear or narrowly oblong. Racemes erect or suberect, sparsely hairy or glabrous, 10-30-(40) cm tall. Pedicels slender, c. 5 mm long at flowering, lengthening to 1-(2) cm and spreading at fruiting. Sepals c. 2 mm long, clothed in stellate hairs. Petals pale yellow, 1-1.5 mm long. Anthers 0.2-0.3 mm long; filaments slightly > sepals. Silique ± erect, glabrous, often curved upwards making an angle with the pedicel, (10)-15-20 × c. 1 mm, slightly torulose; median vein distinct. Seeds oblong, brown, c. 1 mm long, in 1 row per locule.
Erect branched annual herbs 0.3-1 m high. Stem densely stellate-pubescent below, sparsely in the upper part. Leaves up to 12 cm long, finely 2-3-pinnatisect with 6-9 pairs of primary pinnae; lobes narrowly oblong, rounded; lower leaves petiolate, upper leaves sessile; densely stellate-pubescent. Racemes terminal, many-flowered; rhachis puberulous; buds narrow, clavate. Sepals 2-2.5 mm long, linear-oblong puberulous. Petals c.2 mm long, linear-spathulate, whitish or yellowish. Stamens distinctly exserted; filaments about 3 mm long. Siliquae 1-2 cm long, 0.5-0.8 mm broad, linear, torulose, on pedicels c. 1 cm long (in the South African material); stigma small, subsessile.
Plants slender, erect, 15–100 cm tall, hairy at least basally with stellate hairs. Leaves bi-or tri-pinnatisect, with 6–9 pairs of primary pinnae, the segments linear. Inflorescence a dense raceme. Sepals 2–2.5 mm long. Petals 2–2.5 mm long, equal or shorter than sepals, pale yellow. Stamens exceeding sepals. Stigma sub-sessile. Siliqua linear, 8–44 mm long, 0.5–1 mm wide, terete, curved; valves somewhat tuberculate, reticulate veined; pedicels slender, erect to spreading, 5–50 mm long. Seeds ovoid, 1–1.5 mm long.
Annual herb, 0.1-1.0 m high; erect, branched. Stem stellate-pubescent below, sparsely in upper part. Leaves: lower leaves petiolate; upper sessile, 2-or 3-pinnatisect, 6-9 pairs of primary pinnae; lobes narrowly oblong, stellate-pubescent. Inflorescence a many-flowered, terminal raceme; rachis puberulous. Sepals linear-oblong, puberulous. Petals whitish or yellowish, linear-spathulate. Stamens exserted. Fruit a linear siliqua, torulose, pedicellate.
Annual, 0.3-1 m tall, stem densely stellate-hairy below. Leaves finely 2-or 3-pinnatisect, with 6-9 pairs of primary lobes, densely stellate-hairy. Flowers minute, whitish or yellowish. Fruit linear, 10-20(-45) x 0.5-0.8 mm, ± knotted along length. ?Flowering time.
A cabbage family herb. It is an annual or biennial plant. It is almost 0.4-1 m high. The leaves do not have stalks. They are narrow, oblong and taper towards the tip. The flowers are yellow. The fruit is a pod. It is narrow. The seeds are 1 mm long by 0.5 mm wide.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.3 - 0.9
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) 0.1
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It occurs in waste ground and along roadsides. Plants will grow in most soil types. It grows on roadsides, waste places, disturbed sites, fields, pastures, deserts from near sea level to 4200 m altitude in China. In Nepal it grows between 2000-4000 m altitude. It can grow in arid places.
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Waste ground and roadsides.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 2-5
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-10

Usage

The young leaves are eaten cooked. They have a bitter flavour. The seeds are eaten raw or roasted. They are a mustard substitute. The seeds can be sprouted and eaten in salads and sandwiches. They are also used to make a drink.
Uses animal food beverage fodder food food additive gene source medicinal oil vertebrate poison
Edible leaves seeds shoots
Therapeutic use Astringents (flower), Scurvy (flower), Astringents (leaf), Scurvy (leaf), Ulcer (leaf), Dermatological Aid (seed), Veterinary Aid (seed), Anthelmintics (seed), Bronchitis (seed), Calculi (seed), Cardiotonic agents (seed), Diuretics (seed), Dysentery (seed), Expectorants (seed), Fever (seed), General tonic for rejuvenation (seed), Toothache (unspecified), Bronchitis (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Dysuria (unspecified), Edema (unspecified), Expectorant (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Restorative (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Calculus (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Demulcent (unspecified), Dysmenorrhea (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Scurvy (unspecified), Metrorrhagia (unspecified), Hypoglycemic agents (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It grows from seed.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Descurainia sophia habit picture by Jan S. (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Descurainia sophia leaf picture by Thomas Andreef (cc-by-sa)
Descurainia sophia leaf picture by Steef Steeneken (cc-by-sa)
Descurainia sophia leaf picture by Tomáš Rektor (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Descurainia sophia flower picture by C Tamas (cc-by-sa)
Descurainia sophia flower picture by Thomas Andreef (cc-by-sa)
Descurainia sophia flower picture by Steef Steeneken (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Descurainia sophia fruit picture by Ornel Jokerrr83 (cc-by-sa)
Descurainia sophia fruit picture by huy HO (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Descurainia sophia world distribution map, present in Australia, Canada, China, France, India, Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:282077-1
WFO ID wfo-0000641996
COL ID 34ZD5
BDTFX ID 21957
INPN ID 94645
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Phryne sophia Sophia vulgaris Sisymbrium sophia Sisymbrium persicum Sophia sophia Sophia chirurgorum Sinapis tripinnata Sisymbrium absinthoides Hesperis hermanniana Arabis sophia Crucifera sophia Hesperis tripinnata Sophia lobelii Discurea sophia Sisymbrium tripinnatum Sisymbrium robesetti Sophia parviflora Hesperis sophia Sisymbrium parviflorum Descurainia sophia var. macrophylla Descurainia sophia var. glabrata Sisymbrium sophia var. brachycarpum Sisymbrium pseudosophia Descurainia sophia var. brachycarpa Descurainia sophia var. sophia Descurainia sophia

Lower taxons

Descurainia sophia subsp. bartschii