Brassicaceae Burnett

Mustard family (en), Brassicacées (fr)

Family

Angiosperms > Brassicales

Characteristics

Herbs or subshrubs [shrubs or, rarely, lianas or trees], annual, biennial, or perennial; usually terrestrial, rarely submerged aquatics; with pungent watery juice; scapose or not; pubescent or glabrous, usually without papillae or tubercles (multicellular glandular papillae or tubercles present in Bunias, Chorispora, and Parrya); taprooted or rhizomatous (rarely stoloniferous), caudex simple or branched, sometimes woody, rhizomes slender or thick. Trichomes unicellular, simple, stalked, or sessile; forked, stellate, dendritic, malpighiaceous (medifixed, 2-fid, appressed), or peltate and scalelike, eglandular. Stems (absent in Idahoa, sometimes Leavenworthia) usually erect, sometimes ascending, descending, prostrate, decumbent, or procumbent; branched or unbranched. Leaves (sometimes persistent) cauline usually present, basal present or not (sometimes rhizomal present in Cardamine), rosulate or not, usually alternate (sometimes opposite or whorled in Cardamine angustata, C. concatenata, and C. diphylla and in Lunaria annua; sometimes subopposite in C. dissecta and C. maxima and in Draba ogilviensis), usually simple, rarely trifoliolate or pinnately, palmately, or bipinnately compound; stipules absent [with tiny, stipulelike glands at base of petioles and pedicels]; petiolate, sessile, or subsessile (sessile auriculate or not, sometimes amplexicaul); blade margins entire, dentate, crenate, sinuate, repand, or dissected. Inflorescences terminal, usually racemose (racemes often corymbose or paniculate) or flowers solitary on pedicels from axils of rosette leaves; bracts usually absent, sometimes present. Pedicels present (persistent or caducous [rarely geotropic]). Flowers bisexual [unisexual], usually actinomorphic (zygomorphic in Iberis, sometimes in Pennellia, Streptanthus, and Teesdalia); perianth and androecium hypogynous; sepals usually caducous, rarely persistent, 4, in 2 decussate pairs (1 pair lateral, 1 median), distinct [connate], not saccate or lateral (inner) pair (or, rarely, both pairs) saccate, forming tubular, campanulate, or urceolate calyx; petals 4, alternate with sepals, usually cruciform, rarely in abaxial and adaxial pairs, rarely rudimentary or absent, claw differentiated or not from blade, blade sometimes reduced and much smaller than well-developed claw, basally unappendaged, or, rarely, appendaged, margins entire or emarginate to 2-fid, rarely pinnatifid [fimbriate or filiform]; stamens (2 or 4) 6 [8-24], in 2 whorls, usually tetradynamous (lateral outer pair shorter than median inner 2 pairs), rarely equal in length or in 3 pairs of unequal length; filaments (slender, sometimes winged, appendaged, or toothed): median pairs usually distinct, rarely connate; anthers dithecal, dehiscing by longitudinal slits, pollen grains 3(-11)-colpate, trinucleate; nectar glands receptacular, variable in number, shape, size, and disposition around filament base, always present opposite bases of lateral filaments, median glands present or absent; disc absent; pistil 1, 2-carpellate; ovary 2-locular with false septum connecting 2 placentae, rarely 1-locular and eseptate, placentation usually parietal, rarely apical; gynophore usually absent; style 1, persistent [caducous], sometimes obsolete or absent; stigma capitate or conical, entire or 2-lobed, lobes spreading or connivent, sometimes decurrent, distinct or connate, rarely elongated into horns or spines; ovules 1-300 per ovary, anatropous or campylotropous, bitegmic, usually crassinucellate, rarely tenuinucellate. Fruits usually capsular, usually 2-valved ((3 or) 4(-6) in Rorippa barbareifolia, (2 or) 4 in Tropidocarpum capparideum), termed siliques if length 3+ times width, or silicles if length less than 3 times width, sometimes nutletlike, lomentaceous, samaroid, or schizocarpic and [with] without a c
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Herbs annual, biennial, or perennial, sometimes subshrubs or shrubs, with a pungent, watery juice. Eglandular trichomes unicellular, simple, stalked or sessile, 2-to many forked, stellate, dendritic, or malpighiaceous (medifixed, bifid, appressed), rarely peltate and scalelike; glandular trichomes multicellular, with uniseriate or multiseriate stalk. Stems erect, ascending, or prostrate, sometimes absent. Leaves exstipulate, simple, entire or variously pinnately dissected, rarely trifoliolate or pinnately, palmately, or bipinnately compound; basal leaf rosette present or absent; cauline leaves almost always alternate, rarely opposite or whorled, petiolate or sessile, sometimes absent. Inflorescence bracteate or ebracteate racemes, corymbs, or panicles, sometimes flowers solitary on long pedicels originating from axils of rosette leaves. Flowers hypogynous, mostly actinomorphic. Sepals 4, in 2 decussate pairs, free or rarely united, not saccate or lateral (inner) pair saccate. Petals 4, alternate with sepals, arranged in the form of a cross (cruciform; hence the earlier family name Cruciferae), rarely rudimentary or absent. Stamens 6, in 2 whorls, tetradynamous (lateral (outer) pair shorter than median (inner) 2 pairs), rarely equal or in 3 pairs of unequal length, sometimes stamens 2 or 4, very rarely 8-24; filaments slender, winged, or appendaged, median pairs free or rarely united; anthers dithecal, dehiscing by longitudinal slits. Pollen grains 3-colpate, trinucleate. Nectar glands receptacular, highly diversified in number, shape, size, and disposition around base of filaments, always present opposite bases of lateral filaments, median glands present or absent. Pistil 2-carpelled; ovary superior, sessile or borne on a distinct gynophore, mostly 2-locular and with a false septum connecting 2 placentae; placentation parietal, rarely apical; ovules anatropous or campylotropous, bitegmic, 1 to many per locule. Fruit typically a 2-valved capsule, generally termed silique (siliqua) when length 3 × or more than width, or silicle (silicula) when length less than 3 × width, dehiscent or indehiscent, sometimes schizocarpic, nutletlike, lomentaceous, or samaroid, segmented or not, terete, angled, or flattened parallel to septum (latiseptate) or at a right angle to septum (angustiseptate); valves 2(or 3-6); replum (persistent placenta) rounded, rarely flattened or winged; septum complete, perforated, reduced to a rim, or lacking; style 1, distinct, obsolete, or absent; stigma capitate or conical, entire or 2-lobed, sometimes lobes decurrent and free or connate. Seeds without endosperm, uniseriately or biseriately arranged in each locule, aseriate when 1, winged or wingless, mucilaginous or not when wetted; cotyledons incumbent (embryo notorrhizal: radicle lying along back of 1 cotyledon), accumbent (embryo pleurorrhizal: radicle applied to margins of both cotyledons), or conduplicate (embryo orthoplocal: cotyledons folded longitudinally around radicle), rarely spirally coiled (embryo spirolobal). Germination epigeal.
Herbs, sometimes subshrubs (very rarely small trees). Leaves alternate, basal ones often in a rosette, not stipulate, ± petiolate, entire to variously divided. Inflorescences terminal or sometimes axillary racemes, in flower mostly condensed and often corymbose, in fruit elongate, usually ebracteate. Flowers hermaphrodite, actinomorphic or slightly zygomorphic, hypogynous, 4-merous, heterochlamydous. Sepals 4, free, imbricate, the inner ones quite often saccate. Petals 4 (rarely absent), free, usually equal, ± clawed, imbricate or contorted. Stamens 6, tetradynamous (rarely 4 or 2), usually free; anthers usually 2-thecous, opening lengthwise; pollen grains mostly 3-, 4-or multicolpate. Nectarial glands variously arranged at the filament-bases. Ovary superior, sessile or stipitate, of seemingly 2 united carpels, divided into 2 “secondary” locules by a thin membranous septum (sometimes transversely locular); placentation parietal; ovules usually many, ana-or campylotropous; stigma bifid or connate. Fruit a bivalved dehiscent siliqua or silicula (see key), sometimes a nutlet, lomentum or otherwise constructed. Seeds virtually devoid of endosperm, with cotyledons incumbent, accumbent or variously folded
Plants ephemeral, annual, biennial or perennial; herbs, subshrubs or rarely shrubs. Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, entire to deeply dissected, variable in form. Inflorescence a raceme, a simple corymb or a panicle, usually without bracts. Flowers usually perfect, bisexual, actinomorphic, nectariferous. Sepals 4, in two whorls, the inner pair often cupped at the base. Petals 4, usually clawed, usually spreading above the claw to form a cross, sometimes absent. Stamens usually 6, occasionally 4 or 2, hypogynous, typically tetradynamous with outer whorl of two short stamens and inner whorl of four long stamens. Gynoecium superior, of 2 fused carpels, bilocular, false septum dividing ovary, typically present and persistent after seed dispersal; style single; stigma usually bilobed; placentation parietal. Fruit a siliqua or silicula, usually dehiscent. Seeds sometimes mucous when moistened; cotyledons folded (conduplicate: folded longitudinally; diplecolobous: folded transversely) or flat (radicle incumbent: lying against abaxial surface of cotyledon; radicle accumbent: lying against edges of the cotyledons).
Annual, biennial or perennial herbs (rarely somewhat shrubby) with alternate (rarely opposite or verticillate) exstipulate, simple or compound leaves sometimes forming a basal rosette
Ovary sessile (rarely stipitate), syncarpous of 2 carpels, 1-locular with 1–2 parietal placentas or divided into 2 chambers by a false septum
Fruit usually a dehiscent silique or silicule (more rarely indehiscent or transversely or longitudinally jointed)
Stamens usually 6, tetradynamous (rarely fewer or numerous); anthers 2-(rarely 1-) thecous, opening lengthwise
Flowers actinomorphic (except for the stamens) usually bisexual, hypogynous
Sepals 4, free, in two series, often somewhat saccate
Seeds 1 to numerous, with no or very little endosperm
Petals 4 (rarely fewer or absent)
Inflorescence usually racemose
Life form
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Sexuality hermaphrodite
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Root system rhizome tap-root
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Environment

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Usage

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Cultivation

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Images

Brassicaceae unspecified picture
Brassicaceae unspecified picture
Brassicaceae unspecified picture

Distribution

Brassicaceae world distribution map, present in Australia and China

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30000087-2
WFO ID wfo-7000000082
COL ID 7DN
BDTFX ID 100902
INPN ID 187230
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Cruciferae Brassicaceae

Lower taxons

Tetracme Dryopetalon Aplanodes Asta Baimashania Barbarea Calepina Capsella Chlorocrambe Clausia Cremolobus Crucihimalaya al-shehbaz, o'kane Cyphocardamum Degenia Diplotaxis Hirschfeldia Iodanthus Iskandera Leucojum Lunaria Lycocarpus Neotorularia Noccaea Noccaeopsis Oreoloma Ornithocarpa Pachymitus Pachyneurum Pachyphragma Petroravenia Pseudovesicaria Pugionium Quezeliantha Quidproquo Rhammatophyllum Rorippa Scambopus Schizopetalon Spryginia Streptoloma Strigosella Synstemon Teesdalia Turritis Xerodraba Moenchia Crantzia Lysakia Atacama Rudolf-kamelinia Zuloagocardamum Resetnikia Selenia Anelsonia Cakile Catenulina Ceratocnemum Cordylocarpus Dictyophragmus Didymophysa Hemicrambe Hornungia Iberis Leiospora Lepidium Lobularia Malcolmia Mancoa Megacarpaea Megadenia Nerisyrenia Odontarrhena Paysonia o'kane Phravenia Pterygostemon Raphanorhyncha Rapistrum Shangrilaia Sinapidendron Sinapis Sisymbrella Sisymbriopsis Bunias Raphanus Thysanocarpus Trachycnemum Arabidopsis Arabis Pseudoturritis Alyssum Phoenicaulis Descurainia Leavenworthia Parrya Hesperis Berteroa Alyssoides Fibigia Pseuderucaria Eremoblastus Kremeriella Lonchophora Lyrocarpa Moriera Neslia Notothlaspi Onuris Stanleya Hinterhubera Arcyosperma Irania Boechera Ammosperma Borodinia Brachypus Brassica Chamira Chrysochamela Cithareloma Cochlearia Eruca Foleyola Fortuynia Glastaria Guiraoa Hollermayera Ionopsidium Isatis Kernera Lachnocapsa Lachnoloma Leptaleum Lithodraba Lutzia Macropodium Matthiola Meniocus Menkea Microlepidium Microstigma Microthlaspi Moricandia Myagrum Nasturtiopsis Nasturtium Nevada Notoceras Otocarpus x Pachydopsis Pegaeophyton Phlebolobium Phlegmatospermum Physoptychis Physorhynchus Planodes Polyctenium Pringlea Pseudoarabidopsis al-shehbaz, o'kane Raffenaldia Rhizobotrya Sandbergia Smelowskia Stenopetalum Sterigmostemum Stevenia Subularia Succowia Synthlipsis Takhtajaniella Thelypodiopsis Thelypodium Thlaspi Veselskya Borodiniopsis Gongylis Englerocharis Fezia Brayopsis Aschersoniodoxa Aubrieta Bivonaea Carrichtera Chorispora Cusickiella Dimorphocarpa Dipoma Erucastrum Geococcus Harmsiodoxa Hemilophia Cymatocarpus Asperuginoides Delpinophytum Andrzeiowskia Cuprella Ivania Pseudodraba Lepidotrichum Machaerophorus Schrenkiella Metashangrilaia Ceriosperma Petiniotia Gynophorea Barbamine Biscutella Clypeola Enarthrocarpus Hormathophylla Hugueninia Jonopsidium Morisia Murbeckiella Peltaria Acuston Maresia Mummenhoffia Alliaria Athysanus Coincya Conringia Dontostemon Ianhedgea al-shehbaz & o'kane Idahoa Warea Aphragmus Arabidella Ballantinia Braya Camelina Christolea Crambe Dithyrea Drabastrum Eutrema Goldbachia Halimolobos Hedinia Abdra Aethionema Anastatica Armoracia Atelanthera Aurinia Blennodia Brachylobus Cryptospora Dichasianthus Didesmus Diptychocarpus Draba Eremophyton Erysimum Euclidium Farsetia Galitzkya Heliophila Morettia Ochthodium Pachycladon Parolinia Pennellia Petrocallis Physaria Pseudocamelina Psychine Ptilotrichum Sarcodraba Sibara Solms-laubachia Streptanthus Trachystoma Tropidocarpum Vella Weberbauera Zuvanda Friedrichkarlmeyeria Ihsanalshehbazia Marcus-kochia Ionopsidium Alyssopsis Heldreichia Henophyton Iberidella Rapistrosymbrium Zilla Pycnoplinthopsis Hesperidanthus Pseudosempervivum Parlatoria Mathewsia Trichotolinum Chilocardamum Sinoarabis Yosemitea Alshehbazia Anzhengxia Oreophyton Lepidostemon Sphaerocardamum Dielsiocharis Neuontobotrys Yinshania Romanschulzia Bornmuellera Eudema Ricotia Schimpera Menonvillea Botschantzevia Scapiarabis Aimara Eremobium Graellsia Clastopus Horwoodia Calymmatium Peltariopsis Schouwia Dactylocardamum Diceratella Octoceras Olimarabidopsis al-shehbaz, o'kane Parodiodoxa Pycnoplinthus Robeschia Savignya Schivereckia Irenepharsus Litwinowia Muricaria Orychophragmus Phyllolepidum Sinalliaria Scoliaxon Bengt-jonsellia Anchonium Shehbazia Mostacillastrum Goerkemia Chartoloma Douepea Dilophia Eigia Rytidocarpus Sobolewskia Polypsecadium Catolobus Chaunanthus Exhalimolobos Tomostima Noccidium Erucaria Cardamine Carinavalva Crambella Cuphonotus Sisymbrium