Isatis L.

Woad (en), Pastel (fr)

Genus

Angiosperms > Brassicales > Brassicaceae

Characteristics

Biennials [annuals, perennials]; not scapose; (often glaucous), glabrous or pubescent. Stems erect, often unbranched basally, paniculately branched distally. Leaves basal and cauline; petiolate or sessile; basal rosulate [or not rosulate], petiolate [rarely sessile], blade margins entire, repand, or dentate [rarely pinnately lobed]; cauline blade (base auriculate, sagittate, [or amplexicaul, rarely attenuate]), margins entire [dentate]. Racemes (corymbose, in panicles, several-flowered), considerably elongated in fruit. Fruiting pedicels reflexed, slender, (filiform, often thickened and clavate apically). Flowers: sepals erect or ascending, oblong [ovate]; petals oblanceolate [obovate, spatulate, or oblong], (equal to or longer than sepals), claw absent, (apex obtuse [subemarginate]); stamens slightly tetradynamous; filaments not dilated basally; anthers oblong [ovate], (apex obtuse or apiculate); nectar glands (6) confluent, or (4) lateral and median. Fruits siliques or silicles (samaroid), sessile, oblong, oblanceolate, elliptic, or obovate [ovate, cordate, spatulate, orbicular], 1-(or 2-)seeded, smooth, strongly angustiseptate, (prominently winged all around or distally; seed-bearing locule papery or corky, distinctly or obscurely 1-3-veined, sometimes keeled or shortly winged), glabrous or pubescent; valves and replum united; septum absent; ovules 1 (or 2) per ovary, (subapical); stigma capitate. Seeds plump, not winged, narrowly oblong; seed coat (smooth), not mucilaginous when wetted; cotyledons incumbent or accumbent.
More
Herbs annual, biennial, or perennial, often glaucous. Trichomes absent or simple. Stems erect, simple at base, paniculately branched above. Basal leaves petiolate or rarely sessile, rosulate or not, simple, entire, dentate, or pinnately lobed. Cauline leaves sessile and auriculate, sagittate, or amplexicaul at base, rarely petiolate and attenuate, entire or dentate. Racemes many flowered, ebracteate, forming panicles, elongated considerably in fruit. Fruiting pedicels filiform, often thickened and clavate at apex, reflexed. Sepals ovate or oblong, erect or ascending, base of lateral pair not saccate. Petals yellow, as long as or longer than sepals; blade obovate, spatulate, oblong, or oblanceolate, apex obtuse or subemarginate; claw absent. Stamens 6, slightly tetradynamous; anthers ovate or oblong, apiculate or obtuse at apex. Nectar glands confluent, or 4 and median and lateral pairs distinct. Ovules 1(or 2) per ovary, subapical. Fruit indehiscent, samaroid siliques or silicles, oblong, ovate, obovate, cordate, elliptic, oblanceolate, spatulate, or orbicular, strongly angustiseptate, sessile, prominently winged all around or distally, 1(or 2)-seeded, glabrous or hairy, smooth; seed-bearing locule papery or corky, prominently or obscurely 1-or 3-veined, sometimes keeled or shortly winged; valves and replum united; gynophore, style, and septum absent; stigma capitate, entire. Seeds wingless, narrowly oblong, plump; seed coat smooth, not mucilaginous when wetted; cotyledons incumbent or accumbent.
Sep divergent, somewhat unequal; pet yellow, narrowly obovate, exceeding the sep; short stamens flanked and subtended by a pair of confluent glands; each pair of long stamens subtended by a single gland; ovary flat, with a single locule and ovule; stigma sessile, 2-lobed; fr indehiscent and somewhat samaroid, compressed contrary to the normal position of the replum, with strongly flattened valves; seed single and median, replacing the replum; herbs, usually tall, with leafy, branching stems. 60, Eurasia, n. Afr.
Life form
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) -
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-9

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) 14 - 42
Germination temperacture (C°) 10
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Isatis unspecified picture

Distribution

Isatis world distribution map, present in China and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30287110-2
WFO ID wfo-4000019213
COL ID 5566
BDTFX ID 86608
INPN ID 193628
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Tauscheria Martinsia Pachypterygium Sameraria Isatis Pachypteris Boreava Tetrapterygium

Lower taxons

Isatis costata Isatis djurjaedae Isatis platyloba Isatis takhtajanii Isatis arenaria Isatis arnoldiana Isatis lusitanica Isatis microcarpa Isatis oblongata Isatis praecox Isatis raphanifolia Isatis sabulosa Isatis spectabilis Isatis trachycarpa Isatis apennina Isatis frigida Isatis mardinensis Isatis pachycarpa Isatis elegans Isatis afghanica Isatis agnewii Isatis amani Isatis aucheri Isatis biscutellifolia Isatis bitlisica Isatis boissieriana Isatis callifera Isatis campylocarpa Isatis candolleana Isatis cappadocica Isatis cochlearis Isatis constricta Isatis davisiana Isatis demiriziana Isatis erzurumica Isatis floribunda Isatis glauca Isatis huber-morathii Isatis lockmanniana Isatis pinnatiloba Isatis rugulosa Isatis sivasica Isatis spatella Isatis turcomanica Isatis undulata Isatis canaliculata Isatis deserti Isatis subdidyma Isatis bullata Isatis buschiana Isatis djurdjurae Isatis minima Isatis apscheronica Isatis brevipes Isatis bungeana Isatis buschiorum Isatis caucasica Isatis emarginata Isatis frutescens Isatis iberica Isatis jacutensis Isatis karjaginii Isatis kozlovskyi Isatis latisiliqua Isatis leuconeura Isatis maxima Isatis multicaulis Isatis ornithorhynchus Isatis sevangensis Isatis violascens Isatis armena Isatis kotschyana Isatis odontogera Isatis stocksii Isatis densiflora Isatis raimondoi Isatis aptera Isatis cardiocarpa Isatis glastifolia Isatis gymnocarpa Isatis zarrei Isatis gaubae Isatis brachycarpa Isatis hirtocalyx Isatis tomentella Isatis steveniana Isatis grammotis Isatis laevigata Isatis littoralis Isatis harsukhii Isatis tinctoria