Erucastrum C.Presl

Dogmustards (en), Érucastre au sens large (fr)

Genus

Angiosperms > Brassicales > Brassicaceae

Characteristics

Annuals or biennials [perennials, subshrubs]; not scapose; pubescent. Stems erect or ascending, unbranched or branched. Leaves basal and cauline; petiolate or sessile; basal rosulate or not, petiolate, blade margins dentate to lyrate-pinnatifid, [pinnatipartite]; cauline shortly petiolate or sessile, blade (base not auriculate), similar to basal. Racemes (corymbose, bracteate throughout or basally), greatly elongated in fruit. Fruiting pedicels ascending to divaricate [spreading], slender. Flowers: sepals erect, oblong [linear], lateral pair not saccate basally; petals yellow or white, obovate to oblanceolate or oblong, gradually attenuated to short claw, (apex rounded); stamens tetradynamous; filaments not dilated basally; anthers oblong or linear, (base sagittate, apex obtuse); nectar glands distinct, median glands present. Fruits siliques, dehiscent, subsessile, segments 2, linear, often torulose, subterete or 4-angled; (terminal segment stylelike, seedless); valves each with prominent midvein, glabrous; replum rounded; septum complete; ovules 10-60 per ovary; stigmas capitate, entire or 2-lobed. Seeds uniseriate, plump, not winged, elliptic [oblong, ovoid]; seed coat (usually reticulate), slightly mucilaginous when wetted; cotyledons conduplicate. x = 7, 8, 9.
More
Annual, biennial or perennial herbs (rarely subshrubs) with a taproot, little to moderately branched, usually with simple hairs. Basal leaves ± lyrate-pinnate. Racemes terminal, bracteate or ebracteate, ± corymbose, with small flowers, in fruit elongate, lax. Sepals not spreading, the inner slightly saccate. Petals yellowish or white, spathulate. Stamens 6, distinctly tetradynamous, with linear filaments. Nectaries 2-lobed or horseshoe-shaped (with opening outwards) at the base of the lateral stamens, and as a spheroid gland outside each median stamen-pair. Gynophore absent or very short; ovary cylindrical, with short style and semiglobose to bifid stigma; ovules 10–50. Fruit a siliqua, readily dehiscent, linear, usually 4-angled in transverse section, with a seedless conical beak; valves with a prominent midnerve. Seeds usually uniseriate, spheroid to ellipsoid, slightly flattened, finely reticulate, not mucilaginous.
Sep erect to spreading, somewhat cucullate at the tip; pet yellow, spatulate; each pair of long stamens subtended by a short, pyramidal gland; a short gland between the ovary and each short stamen; ovary cylindric; ovules numerous; style very short; stigma capitate; fr elongate, 4-angled, conspicuously beaked, the valves sharply 1-nerved; seeds ovoid or oblong, in 1 row in each locule; herbs with pinnatifid lvs, the pubescence of simple hairs or none. 17, mainly Mediterranean.
Silique quadrangular with keeled valves, each with 1 prominent dorsal nerve and a conical beak with 0–3 seeds.
Annual, biennial or perennial herbs usually ± hairy with simple hairs.
Lower leaves lyrate-pinnatifid, upper ones usually linear.
Sepals erect or spreading, inner pair somewhat saccate.
Flowers yellow in bracteate or ebracteate racemes.
Cotyledons longitudinally conduplicate.
Seeds 1-seriate, ovoid or ellipsoid.
Petals 4, unguiculate.
Stamens 6.
Life form
Growth form herb
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Sexuality hermaphrodite
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Root system tap-root
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Hardiness (USDA) 4-9

Usage

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Cultivation

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