Sinapis L.

Mustard (en), Moutarde (fr)

Genus

Angiosperms > Brassicales > Brassicaceae

Characteristics

Annuals [perennials]; not scapose; glabrous or pubescent. Stems erect, unbranched or branched distally. Leaves basal and cauline; petiolate or sessile; basal usually not rosulate, petiolate, blade margins usually lyrate, pinnatifid, or 1-or 2-pinnatisect, rarely undivided, (lobes usually coarsely dentate); cauline shortly petiolate or subsessile [sessile], blade (base not auriculate), margins often dentate or shallowly lobed [entire], rarely subentire. Racemes (corymbose, several-flowered), considerably elongated in fruit. Fruiting pedicels ascending, divaricate, or suberect [erect, reflexed], stout [slender]. Flowers: sepals usually spreading, rarely reflexed, narrowly oblong [linear], lateral pair not saccate basally; petals (spreading), yellow, obovate, claw differentiated from blade, (claw subequaling sepal, apex obtuse or emarginate); stamens tetradynamous; filaments not dilated basally; anthers oblong, (apex obtuse); nectar glands (4), distinct, lateral pair usually prismatic, rarely lobed, median pair present, (ovoid). Fruits siliques, dehiscent, sessile, segments 2, linear or lanceolate [oblong], torulose, terete or slightly flattened [4-angled, latiseptate]; (valvular segment dehiscent, longer or shorter than terminal segment, 2-5(-12)-seeded; terminal segment indehiscent, seedless or 1-[2-]seeded, flattened and ensiform, or terete and conical or subulate, sometimes corky); valves each with 3-5(-7) prominent, longitudinal veins, (thin or thick), glabrous or pubescent; replum rounded; septum complete; ovules 4-20 per ovary; stigma capitate, 2-lobed. Seeds uniseriate, usually plump, rarely slightly flattened, not winged, globose; seed coat (finely reticulate [smooth or alveolate]), mucilaginous or not when wetted; cotyledons conduplicate. x = [7], 9, 12.
More
Herbs annual or rarely perennial. Trichomes absent or simple. Stems erect or ascending, often branched apically, leafy. Basal leaves petiolate, not rosulate, simple, lyrate, pinnatifid, pinnatisect, bipinnatisect or/and dentate. Cauline leaves petiolate or sessile, not auriculate, entire, dentate, or shallowly lobed. Racemes ebracteate, elongated considerably in fruit. Fruiting pedicels slender or thickened, erect, ascending, divaricate, or reflexed. Sepals oblong or linear, spreading or reflexed, not saccate. Petals yellow, spreading; blade obovate, apex obtuse or emarginate; claw subequaling sepals. Stamens 6, tetradynamous; anthers oblong, obtuse at apex. Nectar glands 4, distinct; median pair ovoid; lateral pair prismatic, flat, or rarely lobed. Ovules 4-20 per ovary. Fruit dehiscent siliques, linear, lanceolate, or oblong, terete, somewhat 4-angled, or latiseptate, sessile, segmented; valvular segment dehiscent, few to many seeded, longer or shorter than terminal segment, torulose; valves with 3-7, prominent, longitudinal veins, thin or thick and obscurely veined; terminal segment indehiscent, seedless or 1-or 2-seeded, flattened and ensiform, or terete and conical or subulate, sometimes corky; replum rounded; septum complete, membranous; style distinct; stigma capitate, 2-lobed. Seeds uniseriate, wingless, globose, plump or rarely slightly flattened; seed coat reticulate, mucilaginous or not when wetted; cotyledons conduplicate.
Annual, sometimes perennial, taprooted herbs. Hairs simple, often bristly. Stems erect, leafy. Lvs lyrate-pinnate, lyrate-pinnatifid, or not lobed; margins toothed. Racemes ebracteate. Sepals spreading, not saccate. Petals yellow. Stamens 6, without appendages. Lateral nectaries 2, inside the bases of the single stamens; median nectaries 2, outside each median pair of stamens. Stigma sessile, shortly 2-lobed. Silique narrow-lanceolate to linear, dehiscent; valves distinctly 3-(7)-veined; beak tapering, weakly to strongly flattened, 0-9-seeded. Seeds spherical, not winged, in 1 row per locule.
Annual herb, erect, branched. Inflorescence without bracts. Sepals non-saccate, spreading. Petals shortly clawed, yellow. Stamens 6. Nectariferous glands 4; the lateral 2 inside the filaments; median 2 between long filaments, outside. Siliqua dehiscent, cylindrical, beaked; beak usually flattened, usually 1-seeded; valves 3–7-veined. Seeds spherical, 1 row per locule, brown; cotyledons conduplicate; radicle incumbent.
Much like Brassica, but the valves of the fr with 3–5 prominent veins; beak 3-nerved on each side, often flattened and 2-edged (ensiform), often with 1–3 seeds; sep spreading to reflexed. 7, Mediterranean.
Silique terete, with convex valves, each 3–7-nerved, and a long beak with 0–4-(9) seeds.
Herbs, usually annual, with simple hairs.
Seeds 1-seriate, subspherical.
Sepals spreading, not saccate.
Cotyledons conduplicate.
Stigma somewhat 2-lobed.
Petals 4, unguiculate.
Flowers yellow.
Stamens 6.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) -
Root system tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 7-11

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Sinapis unspecified picture

Distribution

Sinapis world distribution map, present in Australia, China, and New Zealand

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:13043-1
WFO ID wfo-4000035420
COL ID 7H6M
BDTFX ID 87225
INPN ID 197674
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Sinapis

Lower taxons

Sinapis alba Sinapis pubescens Sinapis flexuosa Sinapis arvensis