Desmanthus virgatus (L.) Willd.

Wild tantan (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Desmanthus

Characteristics

Small shrub or subherbaceous, nearly erect or more commonly diffuse or de-cumbent, the branchlets essentially glabrous, angled or subtetragonal, scarcely lenticellate. Leaves moderately small, bipinnate, the pinnae 1-7 (mostly 2-4) pairs opposite on the rachis, the leaflets mostly 10-20 pairs per pinna; petiole usually no more than 5 mm. long, subterete, perhaps ciliate above, bearing apically at insertion of the lowermost pair of pinnae a large or small, orbicular to obovate, cupulate or patelliform, sessile gland; rachis usually flattened and lightly pubescent or ciliate above, eglandular (except for gland already described at juncture of rachis and petiole), apiculate from the lower side apically; pinnae 1-4 cm. long; leaflets linear or linear-oblong, 2-8 mm. long and mostly 1-2 mm. wide, obtuse or rounded apically, obliquely truncate basally, glabrous except usually ciliate, the costa but not secondary veins visible; stipules setiform, mostly 3-5 mm. long. Inflorescence of axillary, pedunculate heads towards the tips of the twigs; pedun-cles up to 6 cm. long (in age), usually scatteringly pubescent; head small, dense, few-flowered, the flowers all erect; floral bractlets lanceolate, about 2 mm. long, subrigid. Flowers whitish, sessile; calyx cupular-tubular, 2-3 mm. long, glabrous or subglabrous, prominently dentate; corolla of 5 essentially free, obovate, glabrous petals 3-4 mm. long; stamens 10, free, glabrous, the filaments 6-7 mm. long; anthers ovate, almost 1 mm. long, glabrous; ovary linear-oblong, about 3 mm. long, curved, glabrous, bilateral; style about 5 mm. long, expanded apically into a truncate stigma. Legume linear, mostly 4-6 cm. long and 3-4 mm. wide, flat, glabrous, short-beaked, dehiscent on both valves, the seeds oblique.
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Unarmed perennial herb or suffrutex up to 1 m high; young stems ± angular owing to the prominent decurrent striations from the base of each petiole, subglabrous to sparingly puberulous. Leaves sparingly to densely puberulous: petiole 0.2-1.8 cm long, usually with a large flattened discoid or ellipsoid gland immediately below the junction of the lowest pinna pair; rhachis 1-5.5 cm long; pinnae 3-5(7) opposite pairs, rhachillae 1-4 cm long; leaflets 9-20 pairs, 3-8 x 0.8-1.5 mm, linear to linear-oblong, acute apically, glabrous throughout or with marginal cilia. Stipules setaceous, up to 5 mm long, linear, persistent. Flowers white to pale yellowish-white, in heads up to 0.8 cm in diameter; peduncles up to 5 cm long. Calyx campanulate, tube up to 2.5 mm long, lobes up to 1.5 mm long, glabrous. Petals free, up to 4 mm long, glabrous. Stamens 10, filaments free, linear, 5.5-7 mm long; anthers eglandular apically. Ovary subsessile, glabrous; style slightly thickened above. Pods dark brown, 4-8 cm long, up to 4 mm wide, linear, straight or slightly curved, thinly subcoriaceous, compressed, dehiscing longitudinally. Seeds up to 3 x 2 mm, slightly compressed, sometimes somewhat angular, lying ± obliquely in the pod, dark brown; areole small, up to 1.5 x 1 mm.
Glabrous to subglabrous shrub or subshrub to 2 m tall. Leaves: stipules acicular, to 6 mm long; leaf axes with large, sessile, oval gland near base or at apex of petiole; pinnae to 9-jugate; leaflets 10-25-jugate, linear to lanceolate-linear, apiculate, with inequilateral base, c. 3.5-9 mm long, 2-4 mm wide, glabrous except for scattered, marginal, minute hairs. Flowers 6-10 in white heads on glabrous peduncles 9-75 mm long; calyx cupular, c. 2 mm long, shortly toothed; petals free, 3-4 mm long. Stamens 10. Pods linear, compressed, with several borne erect on each peduncle, 4-9 cm long, 2.5-4 mm wide, ±glossy, brown, 20-30-seeded. Seeds longitudinal to oblique in pod, quadrangular to oval, 2.5-3 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, brown.
Erect or ascending herb or subshrub up to c. 2 m high; stem woody at base, angular, glabrous or slightly puberulous. Stipules linear, subulate, 2.5-6 mm. Leaves: petiole 2.5-5 cm, with a gland at the junctions of the proximal pair of pinnae; pinnae 1-7 pairs; leaflets 10-25 pairs per pinna, linear-oblong, c. 4-9 by 1-2 mm, base oblique, apex obtuse or apiculate; both surfaces glabrous, margins ciliate. Glomerules consisting of up to 10 flowers. Calyx cup-shaped, c. 2 mm, indented to about half of its length. Petals oblong, c. 4 mm. Stamens 10. Pod reddish brown, linear, 5-9 by 0.3-0.4 cm, apiculate, glabrous, 20-30-seeded.
A shrub. It grows 2 m tall. It has long slender branches. The twigs are green and ribbed. The leaves are alternate and twice divided. There is a large gland at the base of the leaf stalk. The leaves have 2-5 pairs of pinnae and these have 12-18 pairs of leaflets. These are 3-4 mm long.
Life form perennial
Growth form
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.8 - 1.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.6
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer rhizobia
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Occurs in waste places, along beaches and at margin of mangrove formations, as well as bordering salt pans.
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It is a tropical plant.
Light 2-3
Soil humidity 2-2
Soil texture -
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses animal food environmental use experimental purposes fodder forage material medicinal support
Edible -
Therapeutic use Ophthalmia (unspecified), Sialogogue (unspecified), Eye (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 25 - 32
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Desmanthus virgatus leaf picture by Christian Pires De Abreu (cc-by-sa)
Desmanthus virgatus leaf picture by Busy bee (cc-by-sa)
Desmanthus virgatus leaf picture by Upreet Dhaliwal (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Desmanthus virgatus flower picture by Busy bee (cc-by-sa)
Desmanthus virgatus flower picture by Jacques PIQUET (cc-by-sa)
Desmanthus virgatus flower picture by Larco (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Desmanthus virgatus fruit picture by Justo Noguera (cc-by-sa)
Desmanthus virgatus fruit picture by M B (cc-by-sa)
Desmanthus virgatus fruit picture by J. Champ (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Desmanthus virgatus world distribution map, present in Argentina, American Samoa, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Bangladesh, Bahamas, Belize, Brazil, Barbados, Chile, China, Colombia, Cabo Verde, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Fiji, Guernsey, Ghana, Guadeloupe, Grenada, Guatemala, French Guiana, Guyana, Honduras, Haiti, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Mexico, Northern Mariana Islands, Montserrat, Martinique, Mauritius, Nicaragua, Netherlands, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Paraguay, Réunion, Senegal, Singapore, Solomon Islands, El Salvador, Suriname, Seychelles, Trinidad and Tobago, Taiwan, Province of China, United States Minor Outlying Islands, Uruguay, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Virgin Islands (British), South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Desmanthus virgatus threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1125234-2
WFO ID wfo-0000175857
COL ID 34ZYY
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 453162
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Desmanthus virgatus Desmanthus depressus Acuan texanum Acuan tracyi Mimosa virgata Mimosa angustisiliqua Desmanthus pratorum Desmanthus tenellus Acuan depressa Mimosa depressa Acuan texana Acuan virgata Acacia depauperata Acacia leptosperma Acuania depressa Acacia virgata Desmanthus pernambucensis Desmanthus strictus Mimosa pernambucensis Acuan virgatum Desmanthus virgatus var. depressus Desmanthus virgatus var. virgatus Acacia angustisiliqua Acuan virgata var. albiflora Acuan virgata var. flaviflora