Dichanthium annulatum Stapf

Kleberg's bluestem (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Poaceae > Dichanthium

Characteristics

Perennial. Culms tufted, erect or sometimes straggling, 30–100 cm tall, nodes bearded with spreading hairs. Leaf sheaths terete, shorter than internodes; leaf blades flat, 8–30 × 0.2–0.4 cm, glabrous or adaxial surface stiffly pilose, margins smooth or scaberulous, apex acuminate; ligule 1–2 mm, lacerate. Inflorescence terminal; peduncle glabrous; racemes 2–8, subdigitate, suberect, 4–5 cm, with 0–6 pairs of homogamous spikelets. Sessile spikelet 3–5 mm; lower glume elliptic-oblong or oblong, firmly papery, 5–9-veined, subglabrous or pubescent to villous on lower back, upper flanks often with long spreading hairs, keels shortly ciliate, not or barely winged, apex obtuse; upper glume ciliate along keel and margins, apex acute or obtuse; awn 1.6–2.4 cm. Caryopsis obovate. Pedicelled spikelet many-veined, pubescent to villous with spreading tubercle-based hairs. Fl. and fr. Jun–Nov. 2n = 20, 40.
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Densely tufted perennial, up to 1 m tall, nodes with a ring of spreading hairs. Leaves linear-lanceolate, ligule membranous. Inflorescence of 2-many digitate or subdigitate racemes (30-)60-80 mm long, spikelets paired in a sessile and pedicellate combination of dissimilar spikelets. Sessile spikelets 2.5-5 mm long, with long hairs, dorsiventrally compressed; lower glume obtuse to truncate, subapical fringe of long hairs present; lemma awn 8-25 mm long, curved, column (basal part of awn) twisted. Pedicellate spikelets awnless.
Perennial; culms 25–100 cm. high, geniculately ascending.. Leaf-blades 3–30 cm. long, 2–7 mm. wide.. Inflorescence composed of (1–)2–15 subdigitate shortly pedunculate racemes, the peduncles glabrous; racemes 3–7 cm. long, the spikelets subimbricate with 0–6 smaller homogamous pairs at the base.. Sessile spikelet narrowly oblong, 2–6 mm. long; lower glume firmly cartilaginous, slightly concave, pubescent to villous below the middle, with long bulbous-based hairs above, obtuse to subacute; awn 8–25 mm. long.
Sessile spikelets 2–6 mm long, oblanceolate; inferior glume slightly concave, pubescent below the middle, with long tubercle-based cilia above; superior glume slightly shorter than the inferior, glabrous except for the often shortly ciliate keel and apex; inferior floret barren, the lemma c. 3.8 mm long, ovate, hyaline; superior floret stipitiform, the lemma c. 3 mm long; awn c. 25 mm long, minutely hispidulous on both column and bristle; anthers c. 1.5 mm long.
Caespitose, decumbent or erect perennial with distinct short rhizomes; culms up to 200 cm high, woody and persistent, robust, geniculately ascending, simple or branched; nodes exposed and densely barbate; internodes glabrous; leaf sheaths glabrous or sparsely pilose; ligule a glabrous membrane c. 2 mm long; leaf laminas up to 30 cm × 4–4.5 mm, linear-lanceolate, glabrous for most of their length but long-pilose near the ligule.
A grass which keeps growing from year to year. It forms erect tussocks. It grows 0.5-1 m high. The leaves are 10-30 cm long and 0.3-0.5 cm wide. The culms are erect and branched. They are slender and covered with white powder. The seed heads can be single or in groups or 2-4. They are 4-6 cm long. They are pale green or purple.
Racemes 2–many, subdigitate, shortly pedunculate, the peduncles glabrous; rhachis internodes and pedicels pilose, sometimes on one side only; the lowermost 1–6 spikelet pairs usually homogamous, male or neuter.
Pedicelled spikelets similar to the sessile spikelets in size and shape, often slightly smaller, male or neuter.
Tufted perennial up to 1 m. high.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.4 - 1.0
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) 1.0
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c4

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows in tropical and subtropical places. It grows in areas with an annual rainfall between 150-1,600 mm. It grows between sea level and 1,800 m above sea level. It can grow in alkaline and salty soils. It grows in deep sandy soils. It can grow in arid places.
Light 7-7
Soil humidity 5-5
Soil texture -
Soil acidity 3-6
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Uses animal food environmental use fodder food gene source material medicinal
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown by seed or division.
Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 22 - 30
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Dichanthium annulatum habit picture by M. Hedayat (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Dichanthium annulatum leaf picture by M. Hedayat (cc-by-sa)
Dichanthium annulatum leaf picture by M. Hedayat (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Dichanthium annulatum flower picture by M. Hedayat (cc-by-sa)
Dichanthium annulatum flower picture by M. Hedayat (cc-by-sa)
Dichanthium annulatum flower picture by M. Hedayat (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Dichanthium annulatum world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Angola, Andorra, Bangladesh, Belize, Brazil, Botswana, China, Cabo Verde, Costa Rica, Cuba, Djibouti, Dominica, Algeria, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Libya, Morocco, Madagascar, Mali, Myanmar, Mozambique, Mauritania, Mauritius, Namibia, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Nepal, Nauru, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Philippines, Palau, Puerto Rico, Réunion, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Senegal, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, eSwatini, Turks and Caicos Islands, Chad, Thailand, Tonga, Tunisia, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:398528-1
WFO ID wfo-0000863549
COL ID 35KQD
BDTFX ID 168269
INPN ID 629549
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Andropogon nodosus Lepeocercis annulata Dichanthium nodosum Andropogon comosus Gymnandropogon annulatus Sorghum annulatum Andropogon annulatus Andropogon annulatus var. decalvatus Dichanthium annulatum var. decalvatum Dichanthium annulatum

Lower taxons

Dichanthium annulatum var. papillosum Dichanthium annulatum var. annulatum