Didymodoxa caffra (Thunb.) Friis & Wilmot-dear

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Urticaceae > Didymodoxa

Characteristics

Slender annual herb.. Stems up to 80 cm. high, branched from the base, lower part of branches sometimes rooting at nodes, moderately to sparsely pubescent with patent stiff or slender curly hairs, sometimes also with a few hooked hairs.. Lower 1–2 pairs of leaves opposite, upper leaves alternate; stipules lanceolate, long-acuminate, glabrous or ciliate, 2–5 mm. long, 0.3–0.8 mm. wide; petiole 25–47 mm. long, pubescent or with scattered stiff hairs; lamina lanceolate, 2–7.5 cm. long, 1.5–4 cm. wide, base cuneate, margin clearly crenate with 5–12 teeth on each side; lateral nerves 4–5 pairs, basal pair reaching the upper 1/3 of lamina before arching towards the midnerve and uniting with the upper lateral nerves; upper surface with sparse appressed stiff hairs, lower with hairs numerous on veins and a few scattered hairs.. Inflorescences up to 5 mm. in diameter, bracts ciliate, linear to narrowly lanceolate.. Male and ♀ flowers as described under the genus.. Achenes covered with hooked hairs and glands, ± 1.75 mm. long.. Fig. 17/A–G.
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Slender annual herb. Stems up to 0.5 m high, much branched, sometimes rooting at nodes, moderately to sparsely pubescent with patent stiff or slender curly hairs, sometimes also with a few hooked hairs. Leaves lanceolate, 23-75 x 14-40 mm, base cuneate, margin clearly crenate with 5-11 pairs of teeth, upper surface with sparse appressed stiff hairs, lower with numerous hairs on veins, few scattered hairs between veins; petiole 25-47 mm long; stipules lanceolate, 2-5 x 0.3-0.6 mm, attenuate, glabrous or ciliate. Inflorescence up to 5 mm in diameter; bracts linear to narrowly lanceolate, ciliate. Achenes covered with broad hooked hairs and glands, ±1.75 x 1 mm, double fruits up to ±3 x 2.5 mm present in Namibian material.
Annual herb, up to 0.5 m high, stiff or slender curly hairs. Leaves alternate, lanceolate, base cuneate, apex acuminate, margins crenate, upper surface with sparse stiff hairs, lower surface with many hairs on veins; petioles ± 47 mm long; stipules ± 5 x 0.6 mm, lanceolate. Inflorescence usually bisexual; bracts narrowly lanceolate. Male flowers ± 1 mm long, with up to 3 apical bristles. Female flowers 2 mm long with a narrow, unilateral wing along one side, either side rounded; stigma sessile. Flowering time Nov.-Feb. Fruit an ovoid, brownish achene, occasionally double fruits up to ± 3 x 2.5 mm.
Slender, annual herb, up to 0.5 m high, much branched. Leaves with blades 2-3 x as long as broad, margins with apical teeth, sparse, appressed, stiff hairs on upper surface, lower surface with many hairs on veins, a few scattered ones between veins. Stipules narrowly ovate with apex attenuate. Flowers: anthers white; perianth green; Nov.-Mar. Fruit covered with broad, hooked hairs and glands.
Inflorescences usually bisexual, consisting of a dense, ebracteate cluster of male flowers in the axil of one stipule and a bracteate cluster of female flowers in the axil of the other stipule; sometimes also a few flowers on a short axillary branch with much reduced leaves, or only female flowers in a cluster in the leaf axil.
Leaves alternate, lower 1–2 pairs opposite, 2–4(7.5) x 1–2.5(4) cm., ovate; apex long acuminate; base cuneate to rounded; margin crenate; lamina sparsely pilose above, and on the nerves beneath, hairs appressed.
Slender, annual herb, up to 0.5 m high. Apical tooth on leaves usually 2-3 times as long as broad. Stipules lanceolate with apex attenuate. Anthers white. Flowers green.
Erect annual herbs to c. 30(80) cm. tall, sometimes branched from the base, sometimes stems or branches rooting at the lower nodes, puberulous.
Like D. capensis but leaves lanceolate to ovate, sharply toothed with apical tooth longer than wide and stipules lanceolate.
Female flower c. 2 mm. long, stigma c. 1 mm. long, sessile, filiform.
Male perianth c. 1 mm. long, with 2–3 apical bristles.
Bracts narrowly lanceolate, often crowned by bristles.
Stipules up to 2–5 mm. long, lanceolate.
Achene ovoid, brownish, c. 2 mm. long.
Petiole 0.8–4.7 cm. long, puberulous.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity 3-6
Soil texture 7-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Didymodoxa caffra world distribution map, present in Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Kenya, Lesotho, Namibia, Tanzania, United Republic of, South Africa, and Zambia

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:942242-1
WFO ID wfo-0000647094
COL ID 35YXB
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Urtica caffra Pouzolzia piscicelliana Didymodoxa acuminata Didymodoxa caffra Droguetia umbricola Australina acuminata Australina caffra Didymodoxa cuneata Australina caffra Pouzolzia erythraeae