Digitalis purpurea L.

Foxglove (en), Gantelée (fr), Digitale pourpre (fr), Gant de Notre-Dame (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Lamiales > Plantaginaceae > Digitalis

Characteristics

Perennial herbs to 1.5 m tall, stems sometimes stout, glabrate or scurfy pubescent with greyish arachnoid hairs, drying sulcate. Leaves alternate, 8-15 cm long (lower leaves sometimes much larger), elliptical or obovate, apically acute, obtuse or rounded, basally obtuse, narrowed into the winged petiolar area, the margins crenate serrate with numerous blunt teeth, pinnately veined with ca. 4 veins on each side, glabrate above, pilose beneath with whitish hairs, especially on the veins; petiole winged, 5-15 mm wide, 3-8 cm long, often exceeding the blades, basally clasping and concaulescent on the stem. Inflores-cence a secund raceme to 30 cm long, the numerous flowers evenly spaced, the peduncle pilose or glabrate, the pedicels pilose, ca. 1 cm long, subtended by an ovate, pubescent bract. Flowers showy, fragrant, the calyx 5-lobed to the base, the lobes oblong, elliptical or ovate, apiculate, 12-18 mm long, glabrous to pubescent; corolla broadly campanulate, 3-5 cm long, somewhat zygomorphic with 4 short lobes, the lowermost slightly longer and deltoid, purple with brownish flecks on the lower side, glabrous outside, ciliolate, sparingly long pilose at the mouth within; stamens 4, straight, stout, the anthers alike, the thecae subequal, divaricate, basally connate, ovate, ca. 2 mm long; style slender, the stigma 2-lobed. Capsule ovoid conical, 12 mm long, 10 mm broad at the base, dehiscing septicidally, subtended by the wide-spreading calyx.
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Biennial or short-lived perennial. Basal rosette giving rise to densely hairy simple stems to c. 2.5 m high. Petiole long and winged; upper stem lvs with much shorter petioles. Lamina 10-25 × 3.5-12 cm, lanceolate to elliptic or ovate, hairy to glabrate above, ± grey-tomentulose with crisped hairs beneath, crenate or crenulate; base cuneate to attenuate. Racemes to c. 60 cm long, with many nodding fls. Bracts lanceolate, shortly glandular-hairy, decreasing in size upwards, > pedicels; pedicels tomentulose, 5-15 mm long. Calyx 8-17 mm long, shortly glandular-hairy, deeply lobed; lobes imbricate, ovate, obtuse or acute. Corolla mostly 3.5-5 cm long; tube campanulate and inflated above constricted base, usually pinkish purple with dark purple white-ringed spots in lower part, sometimes pure white, glabrous; lobes short and rounded. Stamens included. Capsule 10-15 mm long, ovoid. Seeds oblong, alveolate, truncate.
Basal leaves long petiolate; lamina lanceolate-ovate to ovate, pubescent with indumentum of mixed short glandular and multicellular eglandular white hairs, 7.5–15 x 2–6.5 cm., finely serrate to crenate-dentate, obtuse at apex, cuneate at base, coarsely reticulate-veined; petiole 8.5–14 cm. long, indumentum similar to that of lamina; stem leaves few, similar to basal but much reduced in size, continuing above with much greater reduction as sessile, entire floral bracts.
Biennial or sometimes perennial, 6–18 dm; cauline lvs lanceolate to lance-ovate, gradually tapering to the base, crenate, hairy beneath; sep 10–15 mm, overlapping, the largest broadly elliptic to obovate; cor 4–5.5 cm, narrowly campanulate, purple or white, spotted with dark purple inside; 2n=56. Native of Europe, occasionally escaped from cult. in our range. Summer. Classical source of the drug digitalis.
A herb. It can be an annual or keep growing for a few years. It grows 60-120 cm tall. It has grey-white hairs. The leaves at the base are in a ring. The leaf stalks is narrow, winged and 15 cm long. The leaves are 5-15 cm long. They taper to the base. The stem leaves get smaller up the stem. The flowers are purple-white.
Biennial or perennial herb up to 75 (125) cm. tall, erect, shortly pubescent or lanate above, glabrescent below.
Calyx 5-lobed to base, 6–18 x 3–12 mm., ovate, strongly nerved, the uppermost smaller, more acute at apex.
Corolla 4.0–4.5 cm. long, shortly 4-lobed, light purple usually crimson spotted, to rarely white.
Inflorescence 15–50 or more-flowered, simple to rarely slightly branched, flowers drooping.
Capsule 14 x 8 mm., ovoid obtuse.
Pedicels 6–18 mm. long.
Stamens included.
Life form
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread epizoochory
Mature width (meter) 0.1 - 0.5
Mature height (meter) 1.2 - 1.5
Root system fibrous-root
Rooting depth (meter) 0.85
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Acid soils in woods, heaths, mountain grasslands etc.
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It is a Mediterranean climate plant. In Sichuan.
Light 4-8
Soil humidity 2-6
Soil texture 1-5
Soil acidity 2-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-8

Usage

The flowers are sucked.
Uses dye environmental use material medicinal ornamental poison
Edible -
Therapeutic use Anticoagulants (leaf), Antiviral agents (leaf), Atrial flutter (leaf), Burns (leaf), Cardiomyopathies (leaf), Cardiotonic agents (leaf), Common cold (leaf), Contusions (leaf), Diuretics (leaf), Dyspnea (leaf), Edema (leaf), Fever (leaf), Heart diseases (leaf), Heart valve diseases (leaf), Hematologic diseases (leaf), Hypertension (leaf), Counterirritant (leaf), Nephritis (leaf), General tonic for rejuvenation (leaf), Tachycardia (leaf), Ulcer (leaf), Urologic diseases (leaf), Wounds and injuries (leaf), Bactericide (unspecified), Cardiotonic (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Dropsy (unspecified), Fatality (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Heart (unspecified), Insanity (unspecified), Neuralgia (unspecified), Palpitation (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Sedative (unspecified), Stimulant(Cardio) (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Tumor(Abdomen) (unspecified), Asthma (unspecified), Edema (unspecified), Renitis (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified), Anti-arrhythmia agents (unspecified), Anticoagulants (unspecified), Anticonvulsants (unspecified), Antifibrinolytic agents (unspecified), Aphrodisiacs (unspecified), Atrial flutter (unspecified), Burns (unspecified), Cardiomyopathies (unspecified), Cardiotonic agents (unspecified), Cardiovascular diseases (unspecified), Diuretics (unspecified), Dizziness (unspecified), Dysmenorrhea (unspecified), Dyspnea (unspecified), Headache (unspecified), Heart diseases (unspecified), Counterirritant (unspecified), Kidney diseases (unspecified), General tonic for rejuvenation (unspecified), Urologic diseases (unspecified), Wound healing (unspecified)
Human toxicity very strong toxic (whole)
Animal toxicity very strong toxic (whole)

Cultivation

Can be grown by divisions or seedlings.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) 11 - 17
Germination temperacture (C°) 20
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -29
Optimum temperature (C°) 11 - 17
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Digitalis purpurea habit picture by Julie Emilien Malchair Messier (cc-by-sa)
Digitalis purpurea habit picture by Błażej Nowak (cc-by-sa)
Digitalis purpurea habit picture by François MICHIELS (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Digitalis purpurea leaf picture by García Faustino (cc-by-sa)
Digitalis purpurea leaf picture by Marjolein van Balkom (cc-by-sa)
Digitalis purpurea leaf picture by ra si (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Digitalis purpurea flower picture by Will P (cc-by-sa)
Digitalis purpurea flower picture by Will P (cc-by-sa)
Digitalis purpurea flower picture by Ulrich Tietze (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Digitalis purpurea fruit picture by Jim Beam (cc-by-sa)
Digitalis purpurea fruit picture by Prieta Javier (cc-by-sa)
Digitalis purpurea fruit picture by Dieter Zude (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Digitalis purpurea world distribution map, present in Brazil, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Morocco, New Zealand, Panama, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:802077-1
WFO ID wfo-0000647394
COL ID 3639Z
BDTFX ID 22437
INPN ID 94959
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Digitalis purpurea f. carnea Digitalis purpurea f. parviflora Digitalis campbelliana Digitalis carnea Digitalis intermedia Digitalis libertiana Digitalis longiflora Digitalis media Digitalis purpurea Digitalis speciosa Digitalis alba Digitalis fucata Digitalis mauretanica Digitalis miniana Digitalis nevadensis Digitalis purpurascens Digitalis gloxinioides Digitalis thapsi Digitalis tomentosa Digitalis purpurea var. albiflora Digitalis purpurea subsp. bocquetii Digitalis purpurea var. gyspergerae Digitalis purpurea var. humilis Digitalis purpurea subsp. mauretanica Digitalis purpurea var. miniana Digitalis purpurea var. nevadensis Digitalis purpurea var. parviflora Digitalis purpurea var. tomentosa Digitalis purpurea var. valida Digitalis thapsi var. intermedia Digitalis gyspergerae Digitalis purpurea f. alba Digitalis purpurea f. alpina Digitalis purpurea f. humilis

Lower taxons

Digitalis purpurea var. amandiana Digitalis purpurea var. mauretanica Digitalis purpurea var. toletana