Digitaria longiflora Pers.

Indian crabgrass (en), Digitaire à fleurs longues (fr), Digitaire à longues fleurs (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Poaceae > Digitaria

Characteristics

Annual or sometimes a short-lived perennial, varying from a prostrate creeper to a leafy upright plant; culms 10–60 cm. high, ascending from a stoloniferous base.. Leaf-blades 1–9 cm. long, 1–5 mm. wide, the blades and sheaths usually glabrous but occasionally hirsute.. Inflorescence of 2–4 (typically 2) digitate racemes; racemes 1–10 cm. long, the spikelets ternate on a ribbon-like winged rhachis with low rounded midrib.. Spikelets narrowly ovate-elliptic, 1.2–1.8 mm. long; lower glume a minute hyaline rim; upper glume as long as the spikelet, 5-nerved, with short appressed verrucose hairs between the nerves (sometimes glabrous between 1st and 2nd lateral nerves); lower lemma as long as the spikelet, 7-nerved, pubescent with verrucose hairs or these appressed and barely visible (sometimes glabrous beside midrib and between 2nd and 3rd nerves); fruit ellipsoid, pallid, light brown or light grey.
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Annual or short-lived perennial, usually with slender, many-noded stolons. Culms ascending, leafy, 10–40 cm tall. Leaf sheaths pubescent or glabrous; leaf blades broadly linear, 2–5 × 0.2–0.4 cm, glabrous or papillose-pilose at base, apex acute; ligule 1–1.5 mm. Inflorescence digitate; racemes 2–3, arching at maturity, 2–5 cm; spikelets ternate; rachis ribbonlike, winged, 0.5–0.8 mm broad, midrib low and rounded; pedicels terete, smooth, with discoid tips. Spikelets elliptic, 1.2–1.5 mm, apex acuminate, hairs verrucose; lower glume absent; upper glume as long as spikelet, 5-veined, densely appressed-pubescent; lower lemma as long as spikelet, 7-veined, glabrous between middle and lateral veins, otherwise pubescent; upper lemma yellowish brown or pale gray, apex acuminate. Anthers 0.6–0.8 mm. Fl. and fr. Apr–Oct. 2n = 18.
Loosely tufted annual or short-lived perennial 100-350 mm high; mat forming, stoloniferous or with short rhizomes; culm rooting at lower nodes. Leaf blade 18-70 x 1.6-4.5 mm. Inflorescence digitate, of 2(-4) racemes 30-70 mm long; rachis with low rounded midrib, broadly winged, glabrous, margins scaberulous; pedicels glabrous; spikelets 3 per cluster and these tend to bend outwards. Spikelet 1.2-1.8(2.2) mm long, hairy; lower glume absent or reduced to short truncate membrane; upper glume as long as spikelet, 3-5-nerved, hairy between nerves; internode absent; lower lemma as long as spikelet, 5-7 nerved, covered with hairs 0.2 mm long; upper lemma as long as spikelet, yellow or grey to purplish, mostly concealed; anthers 0.8-1.2 mm long.
Perennial (short-lived) or annual, mat-forming and stoloniferous or tufted (loosely), up to 350 mm tall. Leaf blades 18-70 mm long, 1.6-4.5 mm wide. Culms rooting from lower nodes. Spikelets 1.2-1.6 mm long, 0.6 mm wide. Racemes 2 (or 3), digitate, 30-70 mm long, spikelets in pairs or threes and tending to bend outwards; rhachis winged with low rounded midrib; upper glume and lower lemma as long as spikelet and covered with hairs 0.2 mm long; female-fertile (upper) lemma grey to purplish.
Leaf laminae (1)5–10(15) × 0.2×0.6 cm., linear, flat, smooth or minutely scaberulous, subglabrous or with scattered bulbous based bristles on both surfaces, scabrous along the margin.
A wild millet grass. It is a tufted annual grass. It can have both underground stems or rhizomes and runners or stolons. It can keep growing for some years. It grows 30-60 cm high.
Superior glume as long as the spikelet, ovateoblong, 3–5-nerved, appressed hairy, hairs fine, slightly undulating, whitish or purplish tinged, with rough, papillose walls.
Inflorescence composed of (1)2(4) racemes, (1.5)2.5–10(17) cm. long, one subsessile, the other pedicellate on a very short common axis, erect to patent.
A loosely caespitose annual or short lived perennial, sometimes with a short rhizome or matforming with creeping runners, rooting at the nodes.
Inferior lemma as long as the spikelet, ovate-oblong with narrow, recurved margins, (5)7-nerved, appressed hairy.
Culms 20–50(70) cm., erect, ascending or creeping, glabrous, nodes dark and glabrous.
Spikelets (1.2)1.5–2.0(2.2) mm. long, ovate-oblong, broadest in or above the middle.
Superior lemma as long as the spikelet, oblong, acute, pale yellow to bluish green.
Creeping stoloniferous annual or short-lived perennial up to about 30 cm. high
Pedicels 3-nate, 0.5–2.5 mm. long, subterete, smooth, broadened at the apex.
Rhachis broadly winged, up to 1.2 mm. broad, smooth with scabrous margins.
Inferior glume obsolete, truncate, nerveless, hyaline.
Ligule 0.5–1.5 mm. long, truncate, entire.
Leaf sheaths glabrous to loosely hairy.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.1 - 0.38
Root system creeping-root rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) 0.2
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c4

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It grows on moist sand and rocky soils. It is a tropical plant but can grow in temperate places. In southern China it grows in grasslands between 600-1,100 m above sea level. In Sichuan and Yunnan.
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Roadsides, fallow land and waste places.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 5-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses animal food environmental use food gene source material medicinal
Edible seeds
Therapeutic use Vein (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Digitaria longiflora world distribution map, present in Angola, Andorra, Benin, Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, Bermuda, Brazil, Botswana, Central African Republic, China, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Indonesia, Kenya, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Liberia, Moldova (Republic of), Madagascar, Mali, Myanmar, Mozambique, Mauritania, Mauritius, Namibia, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Réunion, Rwanda, Sudan, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Suriname, eSwatini, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Viet Nam, Wallis and Futuna, Samoa, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:398934-1
WFO ID wfo-0000864117
COL ID 363LF
BDTFX ID 22480
INPN ID 94989
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Agrostis lenta Agrostis triracemosa Anastrophus nematanthus Digitaria eriolepis Digitaria longiflora Digitaria preslii Digitaria tenuiflora Milium triracemosum Panicum longiflorum Panicum parvulum Panicum tenuiflorum Paspalum brevifolium Paspalum preslii Paspalum pubescens Syntherisma longiflorum Syntherisma pubescens Vilfa lenta Digitaria curvipes Digitaria friesii Digitaria speciosa Milium filiforme Milium radiatum Paspalum argenteum Paspalum longiflorum Digitaria filiculmis Digitaria flexilis Digitaria hatusimae Digitaria malesiae Digitaria oblongo-ovata Digitaria propinqua Digitaria roxburghii Panicum propinquum Paspalum bifarium Paspalum nematodes Paspalum filiculme Digitaria longiflora var. elatior Digitaria preslii var. glabrata Panicum pseudodurva var. gracillimum Panicum pseudodurva var. minus Paspalum brevifolium var. propinquum Digitaria pseudo-durva var. minus Panicum pseudo-durva var. gracillima Digitaria corradii