Digitaria milanjiana Stapf

Madagascar crabgrass (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Poaceae > Digitaria

Characteristics

Loosely tufted rhizomatous perennial; basal sheaths glabrous or pubescent, rarely tomentose or bulbously swollen; culms 50–250 cm. high, erect or geniculately ascending, sometimes rooting at the lower nodes and occasionally forming stolons; nodes glabrous (with rare exceptions, see notes).. Leaf-blades 15–30 cm. long, 3–13 mm. wide.. Inflorescence of 2–18 digitate or subdigitate (axis up to 6 cm.) racemes; racemes 5–25 cm. long, slender, stiff, brownish or purplish, the spikelets paired on a triquetrous winged rhachis, this occasionally bearing a few long stiff hairs.. Spikelets lanceolate, (1.7–)2.5–3(–3.5) mm. long; lower glume distinct, ovate or triangular, 0.2–0.5 mm. long; upper glume 1/3–2/3 as long as the spikelet, 3-nerved, ciliate on the margins; lower lemma as long as the spikelet, 7-nerved (evenly spaced or with the central interspaces up to 1/2 the width of the spikelet), pubescent to glabrescent with shortly ciliate margins, ± scabrid on the nerves and often pectinate with stiff spreading or appressed yellowish or brown glassy bristles; fruit ellipsoid, grey to greyish or pallid brown, as long as or shorter than the lower lemma.
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Loosely tufted perennial 500-1300 mm high, rhizomatous and stoloniferous; rhizomes branched, slender, elongate; culms usually straight, erect, nodes glabrous. Leaf blade 60-300 x 2-8 mm, sheaths mostly glabrous. Inflorescence digitate, 3-12 racemes 80-250 mm long; rachis triquetrous, winged, glabrous or scabrous; pedicel scabrous; spikelets paired. Spikelet 2.5-3.2 mm long; lower glume 0.2-0.5 mm long, ovate-triangular; upper glume shorter to as long as spikelet, 3-nerved, hairy; internode absent; lower lemma as long as spikelet, 7-nerved, nerves evenly spaced or with broader central interspaces, usually scabrid (look carefully); upper lemma partly exposed, pale brown, grey or purple; anthers 1.8-2.4 mm long.
Perennial, rhizomatous and stoloniferous or tufted, up to 1.3 m high. Rhizomes branched, slender and elongate. Leaf blades 60-300 mm long, 2-8 mm wide. Culms usually straight and erect. Spikelets 2.5-3.2 mm long, 0.8 mm wide. Racemes 3-12, digitate, 80-250 mm long.
A rhizomatous perennial, occasionally forming stolons, rhizomes extensively branched, covered by hairy cataphylls; base covered by glabrous or pubescent leaf sheaths, rarely villous or slightly swollen.
Inferior lemma as long as the spikelet, oblong, 7-nerved, nerves scabrous or nearly smooth, appressed hairy, with or without bristle hairs.
Superior glume 1/2–2/3 of the spikelet, oblong-triangular, 3-nerved, appressed hairy, hairs fine, whitish.
Superior lemma nearly as long as the spikelet, oblong, acute, pale brown, greyish or purplish tinged.
Pedicels 2-nate, 0.5–2 mm. long, subterete to triangular, scabrous, somewhat widened at the apex.
Inflorescence composed of 2–18 digitate or subdigitate racemes, 5–20 cm. long, erect to patent.
Rhachis triquetrous, winged, up to 0.7 mm. wide, smooth to scabrous with scabrous margins.
Culms 50–200 cm., ascending to erect, glabrous, nodes dark and glabrous.
Leaf lamina 8–30 × 0.3–1.2 cm., linear, glabrous to loosely hairy.
A grass. The leaves are 8-30 cm long by 0.3-1.2 cm wide.
Spikelets (2.1)2.5–3.2(3.5) mm. long, lanceolate.
Inferior glume short, triangular or truncate.
Ligule up to 2 mm. long, truncate.
Leaf sheaths glabrous to hairy.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination anemogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.5 - 1.3
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c4

Environment

Common in woodland, thickets, disturbed areas and abandoned cultivation in S. Africa.
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It is a temperate plant.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses animal food environmental use fodder gene source
Edible seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 22 - 28
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Distribution

Digitaria milanjiana world distribution map, present in Angola, Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, Philippines, Somalia, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:398970-1
WFO ID wfo-0000864168
COL ID 363MJ
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Digitaria endlichii Digitaria fusca Digitaria gallaensis Digitaria milanjiana Digitaria mombasana Digitaria swynnertonii Panicum milarjianum Digitaria bulbosa Digitaria kilimandscharica Digitaria polevansii Digitaria setivalva Digitaria boivinii Digitaria exasperata Digitaria gracilenta Digitaria stapfii Digitaria endlichii subsp. meziana Digitaria milanjiana subsp. eyelsiana Digitaria milanjiana var. abscondita Digitaria polevansii subsp. peteriana Digitaria sanguinalis var. scabriglumis Panicum sanguinale var. scabriglume