Digitaria velutina P.Beauv.

Velvet crabgrass (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Poaceae > Digitaria

Characteristics

Annual; culms 20–80 cm. high, geniculately ascending, often decumbent and rambling.. Leaf-blades broadly linear to lanceolate, 2–15 cm. long, 3–17 mm. wide, thin.. Inflorescence composed of (3–)7–20 racemes diverging from a common axis 1–7 cm. long, this rarely exceeding the longest raceme; racemes delicate, 3–13 cm. long, the longer occasionally branched near the base, the spikelets binate and overlapping by less than 1/2 their length on a narrowly winged triquetrous rhachis, this sometimes bearing a few long glistening hairs.. Spikelets narrowly ovate-elliptic, 1.5–2.1 mm. long, bluntly acute; lower glume obscure or an ovate scale up to 0.2 mm. long; upper glume 2/3–4/5 as long as the spikelet, 3-nerved; lower lemma as long as the spikelet, 7-nerved, the nerves evenly spaced, obscurely and appressedly pubescent, very rarely with a ciliate frill; fruit ellipsoid, mostly grey, sometimes yellowish or purplish brown.
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Very loosely tufted annual, 150-800 mm high; culms decumbent at base, rooting from lower nodes. Leaf blade 40-150 x 3-10 mm; ligule an unfringed membrane. Inflorescence subdigitate on a relatively long central axis, of 5-15 racemes; rachis triquetrous, broadly winged, glabrous to scaberulous; pedicels triangular, scaberulous; spikelets paired. Spikelets 1.5-2.0 mm long, dorsiventrally compressed; lower glume obscure or an ovate scale up to 0.2 mm long; upper glume shorter to as long as spikelet, 3-nerved, pubescent; internode absent. Florets 2; lower floret sterile, lemma lanceolate, as long as spikelet, 7-nerved, pubescent; upper floret bisexual, lemma light to dark brown tinged purple, margins flat and covering most of palea. Flowering time Dec.-May.
Very loosely tufted or creeping annual 150-800 mm high; culms decumbent at base, rooting from lower nodes. Leaf blade 30-150 x 3-10 mm. Inflorescence subdigitate on a relatively long central axis 25-50 mm long, with 5-15 racemes 35-100 mm long; rachis triquetrous, broadly winged, glabrous to scaberulous; pedicel triangular, scaberulous; spikelets paired. Spikelet 1.5-2.2 mm, hairy; lower glume obscure or an ovate scale up to 0.2 mm long; upper glume shorter to as long as spikelet, 3-nerved, pubescent; internode absent; lower lemma as long as spikelet, 7-nerved, nerves smooth, hairy; upper lemma light to dark brown, tinged purple; anthers 1.2-1.4 mm long.
Annual, very loosely tufted, up to 0.8 m high. Leaf blades 40-150 mm long, 3-10 mm wide. Culms decumbent at base, rooting from lower nodes. Spikelets 1.5-2.0 mm long, 0.5 mm wide. Inflorescence paniclelike, racemes 35-100 mm long, 5-15, subdigitate on a relatively long central axis 25-50 mm long; lower glume obscure or an ovate scale up to 0.2 mm long; upper glume and lower lemma almost glabrous.
Leaf laminae 3–13 × 0.3–0.8 cm., linear, flat, loosely to densely hairy and sometimes scaberulous on both surfaces, often with a few bulbous based bristles near the base, scabrous along the margin.
Inflorescence composed of (2)3–14 racemes, (3)5–10 cm. long, sometimes in a basal whorl of 3–5 racemes, the other racemes solitary along the well developed common axis.
Superior glume 2/3–3/4 of the spikelet, sometimes nearly as long, 3-nerved, appressed hairy, hairs fine, smooth, acute, hyaline.
Superior lemma as long as to somewhat shorter than the spikelet, acute, pale to dark brown, often purplish tinged.
Spikelets 1.7–2.1 mm. (subsessile spikelets) and 2.0–2.3 mm. long (pedicelled spikelets), oblong-lanceolate.
Rhachis triquetrous, winged, up to 0.5 mm. broad, smooth to scaberulous, with scabrous margins.
Leaf sheaths loosely to densely covered with bulbous based bristles, smooth to scaberulous.
Pedicels 2-nate, 0.5–3 mm. long, triangular, scabrous, slightly broadened at the apex.
Culms creeping to ascending, 20–50 cm., glabrous, nodes dark and glabrous.
Inferior lemma as long as the spikelet, oblong, 7-nerved, appressed hairy.
A slender annual grass. It grows 1 m tall. It can form roots at the nodes.
Inferior glume short, truncate, nerveless, often poorly developed.
Ligule up to 2.5 mm. long, truncate, entire.
A creeping or decumbent annual.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.2 - 0.8
Root system creeping-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c4

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It is rare in Swaziland. It grows in sandy soils and damp places.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses animal food food gene source
Edible seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Digitaria velutina habit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Digitaria velutina leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Digitaria velutina leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Digitaria velutina flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Digitaria velutina flower picture by Susan Brown (cc-by-sa)
Digitaria velutina flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Digitaria velutina world distribution map, present in Angola, Burkina Faso, Botswana, Costa Rica, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Namibia, Oman, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Somalia, eSwatini, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Yemen, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:399215-1
WFO ID wfo-0000864504
COL ID 6D6NF
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Digitaria ulugurensis Panicum psilostachyum Digitaria divaricata Digitaria fenestrata Digitaria zeyheri Panicum fenestratum Panicum forskaolii Panicum zeyheri Phalaris velutina Panicum abyssinicum var. setigerum Panicum sanguinale var. cognatum Panicum sanguinale var. fenestratum Phleum velutinum Digitaria velutina