Digitaria violascens Link

Violet crabgrass (en), Fonio violacé (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Poaceae > Digitaria

Characteristics

Annual leafy tufts, sometimes rooting at nodes and forming large mats. Leaf-sheath submembranous, striate, light green or suffused purple, glabrous, or occasionally with very fine hairs mostly near margin. Ligule 1-2 mm, truncate, erose, glabrous. Leaf-blade 3.5-7.5 cm × 3-6 mm, soft, almost entirely glabrous except for occasional long hairs on margins near ligule, midrib obvious, lateral ribs numerous, very fine; margins minutely prickle-toothed, abruptly narrowed to acute minutely scabrid tip. Culm 15-25-(40) cm, internodes glabrous. Racemes (2)-3-4-(6), 3.5-6 cm, slender, closely digitate to ± approximate, spreading or curved at maturity; rachis flat, 0.7-1 mm wide, winged, margins closely prickle-toothed; pedicels subterete to angular, smooth to slightly scabrid. Spikelets 1.5-1.8 mm, in triplets, close-set, acute, elliptic, minute hairs acute-tipped. Lower glume 0, or rarely a minute scarious rim, upper 1-1.7 mm, slightly < spikelet, 3-5-nerved, acute, internerves with bands of dense hairs. Lower floret: lemma = spikelet, (3)-5-7-nerved, acute, nerves glabrous, outer nerves weak, outer internerves hairy. Upper floret: lemma ≈ spikelet, acute, dark chestnut-brown at maturity; palea ≈ lemma, dark brown; anthers 0.5-0.7 mm; stigmas deep purple; caryopsis 1-1.3 mm, oblong.
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Annual. Culms loosely tufted, infrequently shortly stoloniferous, 20–60 cm tall. Leaf sheaths glabrous or pilose, especially at mouth; leaf blades linear-lanceolate, 5–15 × 0.2–0.6 cm, scabrous, glabrous or adaxial surface pilose at base, apex acute; ligule 1–2 mm. Inflorescence subdigitate; racemes (2–)3–7(–10), ascending, 3–12 cm; spikelets ternate; rachis ribbonlike, winged, 0.5–0.8 mm broad, midrib low and rounded, margins serrate; pedicels angular, scabrous, with discoid tips. Spikelets elliptic-oblong, 1.4–1.9(–2.5) mm, hairs verrucose, sometimes hook-tipped; lower glume absent; upper glume lanceolate, slightly shorter than spikelet, 3(–5)-veined, intervein spaces and margins appressed-pubescent; lower lemma as long as spikelet, 5–7-veined, intervein spaces and margins pubescent, but usually glabrous flanking the middle vein; upper lemma dark brown or purplish black at maturity. Anthers 0.3–0.6 mm. Fl. and fr. Jul–Nov. 2n = 36.
Tufted annual to 900 mm high; culms erect or decumbent, rooting from lower nodes. Leaf blade 40-220 x 2-7 mm. Inflorescence digitate to subdigitate, of (2)3-9 racemes 30-140 mm long; rachis ribbon-like, broadly winged; spikelets in clusters of 3. Spikelet 1.2-2.1 mm, hairy; lower glume a membranous obscure cuff or absent; upper glume equalling to as long as spikelet, 3-nerved, hairy between nerves; internode absent; lower lemma as long as spikelet, 5-nerved, glabrous or with minute hairs, green veins very distinctive; upper lemma dark brown to almost black; nearly completely concealed; anthers 0.3-0.6 mm long.
Annual; culms 20–60 cm. high, erect or geniculately ascending, seldom stoloniferous.. Leaf-blades 3–25 cm. long, 2–7 mm. wide.. Inflorescence of (2–)3–6(–9) subdigitate racemes; racemes 3–14 cm. long, the spikelets ternate on a ribbon-like winged rhachis with low rounded midrib.. Spikelets elliptic, 1.2–2 mm. long; lower glume an obscure hyaline rim; upper glume 4/5 to as long as the spikelet, 3(–5)-nerved, with short appressed verrucose hairs between the nerves; lower lemma as long as the spikelet, 5–7-nerved, pubescent (often obscurely so) with verrucose hairs; fruit ellipsoid, dark brown to almost black.
Distinguished from no. 2 [Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Muhl.] by the somewhat smaller (1.5 mm), less pubescent spikelets, the hairs not capitellate, the second glume slightly shorter; 2n=36. Pantropical, extending into our range in Ky. and s. Ind.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.2 - 0.6
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c4

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Uses animal food gene source
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Digitaria violascens unspecified picture

Distribution

Digitaria violascens world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Åland Islands, Andorra, Bangladesh, Bahamas, Bermuda, Brazil, China, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Egypt, Spain, Fiji, France, Georgia, Guyana, Indonesia, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Moldova (Republic of), Madagascar, Myanmar, Mauritius, Malaysia, Norfolk Island, Nicaragua, Nepal, Nauru, New Zealand, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Portugal, Paraguay, Réunion, Suriname, Turks and Caicos Islands, Thailand, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, Wallis and Futuna, Samoa, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:399226-1
WFO ID wfo-0000864520
COL ID 363V6
BDTFX ID 82239
INPN ID 446295
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Digitaria fusca Digitaria violascens Panicum digitatum Panicum steudelianum Paspalum pertenue Syntherisma chinensis Syntherisma fusca Syntherisma violascens Digitaria recta Panicum pertenue Paspalum pseudodurva Digitaria bogoriensis Digitaria caespitosa Digitaria chinensis Digitaria digitata Digitaria pertenuis Digitaria pseudodurva Panicum pseudoduroa Panicum violascens Paspalum chinense Paspalum fuscum Reimaria purpurascens Syntherisma chinense Digitaria ischaemum f. lasiophylla Syntherisma helleri Paspalum minutiflorum Digitaria ischaemum var. asiatica Digitaria ischaemum var. intersita Digitaria ischaemum var. lasiophylla Digitaria ischaemum var. violascens Digitaria pertenuis var. glabra Digitaria ropalotricha var. villosa Digitaria thwaitesii var. tonkinensis Digitaria violascens var. intersita Digitaria violascens var. lasiophylla Digitaria violascens var. villosa Panicum pertenue var. glabrum Panicum pseudo-ischaemum var. elongatum Panicum violascens var. glabrescens Panicum violascens var. remotiusculum Syntherisma ischaemum var. lasiophylla