Dinebra retroflexa (Vahl) Panz.

Viper grass (en), Dinèbre réfléchie (fr), Crételle réfléchie (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Poaceae > Dinebra

Characteristics

Culms usually straggling from a decumbent base, much branched, rooting at lower nodes, infrequently erect, green or purplish green, up to 50 cm or more tall. Leaf sheaths glabrous or with scattered hairs; leaf blades linear, 3–25 × 0.3–0.5 cm, glabrous or thinly pilose, apex acuminate; ligule lacerate. Inflorescence 6–20 cm, narrowly elliptic-oblong to pyramidal, open; racemes 0.5–4 cm, stiff, ascending when young, reflexing and finally deciduous from the axis at maturity; rachis flattened, narrowly winged. Spikelets narrowly cuneate, florets 2–3; glumes narrowly elliptic with caudate diverging tips, 6–8 mm, keel scabrid, minutely glandular; lemmas greenish, narrowly ovate, 2–3 mm, lower part of veins appressed-pilose, acute to emarginate, mucronate; palea appressed-pilose on the flaps. Callus obtuse, glabrous. Anthers purplish red, ca. 0.3 mm. Fl. and fr. Nov–Dec.
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Loosely tufted annual, 130-820 mm high. Leaf blade 45-280 x 4-8 mm; ligule a fringed membrane. Inflorescence up to 240 mm long, of many dense, very compact racemes on a central axis; racemes up to 50 mm long; rachis flattened, deflexed at maturity; lower spikelets of each raceme often replaced by small deciduous branchlets. Spikelets 5.7-9.0 mm long, laterally compressed; glumes ± equal, 6.0-8.2 mm long, as long as to longer than spikelet, 1-nerved, keeled, acuminate, awn straight, scabrid. Florets 1-3, bisexual; lemma membranous, less firm in texture than glumes, acute to emarginate, 3-nerved, keeled, mucronate, minutely awned or not; anther 0.4-0.5 mm long, light brown. Flowering time Dec.-May.
Erect or prostrate, laxly tufted. Flowering culms 15–120 cm high. Leaves: basal sheaths glabrous; ligule c. 1 mm long; blade flat (when fresh), 10–21 cm long, 4–10 mm wide, adaxially sparsely pilose. Inflorescence branches 2–6 cm long. Spikelets 5–8 mm long, with 1–3 bisexual florets. Glumes 4–8 mm long including the awns, 2-nerved. Basal lemma ovate, 2 mm long, carinate or rounded on back, muticous, glabrous. Palea nearly equal to the lemma body, ovate.
An annual grass. It forms tufts which are straggling. These lie over and root at the nodes. The leaf blades are narrow and flat. It is green or purplish green and 50 cm high. The leaf blades are narrow and flat. They are 3-25 cm long by 0.3-0.5 cm wide. They taper to the tip. The flowerings stalk is 6-20 cm long and narrowly oblong and open. The flower is made up of many spikes all turned to one side and irregularly arranged.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.23 - 0.97
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c4

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows in dry valleys up to 1150 m in Yunnan in China. It grows on clayey soil. It grows in drier places. It does best in slightly alkaline soils.
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Mostly on heavy clay soils,but also collected from black loamy soils and sandy soils.
Light -
Soil humidity 4-12
Soil texture 1-2
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Uses animal food medicinal
Edible seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Flower

Dinebra retroflexa flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Dinebra retroflexa fruit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Dinebra retroflexa fruit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Dinebra retroflexa world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Angola, Andorra, Australia, Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, Botswana, China, Congo, Cabo Verde, Czech Republic, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Kenya, Kuwait, Libya, Madagascar, Mali, Mozambique, Mauritania, Mauritius, Namibia, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Réunion, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Senegal, Singapore, Somalia, eSwatini, Chad, Thailand, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:399377-1
WFO ID wfo-0000864744
COL ID 6D84Z
BDTFX ID 22526
INPN ID 95026
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Cynosurus coromandelianus Cynosurus retroflexus Dinebra retroflexa Leptochloa arabica Cynosurus paniculatus Dactylis madraspatensis Dactylis paspaloides Dinebra aegyptiaca Dinebra paspaloides Leptochloa arabica Dinebra retroflexa var. brevifolia

Lower taxons

Dinebra retroflexa var. retroflexa Dinebra retroflexa var. condensata