Diospyros natalensis (Harv.) Brenan

Species

Angiosperms > Ericales > Ebenaceae > Diospyros

Characteristics

Evergreen several-stemmed shrub or small tree (2-)5-25 m. tall; young stems bristly pubescent; bark brown or grey, thin, smooth, peeling; young shoots and inflorescences protected by (4-)6-8 imbricate bud-scales.. Leaves drying brown above, very variable, ± round, elliptic, lanceolate-elliptic, ovate-elliptic or ovate, (0.8-)1.3-5.5 cm. long, (0.3-)0.6-2.4 cm. wide, obtuse or subacute at the apex, cuneate or ± rounded at the base, subcoriaceous, glabrous below save for slightly ciliate margins; secondary nerves in 3-5 pairs; tertiary nerves and veins indistinct; petioles 2-3 mm. long, spreading bristly pubescent.. Male flowers solitary or in 2-4-flowered cymes in the axils of the leaves or leaf-scars; pedicels ± 1 mm. long, glabrous; calyx 2-3 mm. long, truncate or denticulate, usually glabrous save for the sparsely ciliate margin; corolla white or creamy yellow, 5 mm. long, not constricted at the throat, shortly strigulose-tomentellous outside save near the base, glabrous inside; corolla-lobes 3, broadly triangular, 2.5 mm. long; stamens ± 16, exserted, 2-3 mm. long with very short glabrous filaments; anthers pale brown, lanceolate, apiculate, glabrous; rudimentary ovary absent.. Female flowers solitary, similar to the male; staminodes 9, inserted at middle of corolla-tube, 3 alternating with the corolla-lobes and 3 pairs opposite to the corolla-lobes, 1.5 mm. long, glabrous; ovary ovoid-conic, 3 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, glabrous; styles 3, 1.5 mm. long, joined for the basal half, bifid at the apex.. Fruits yellow, orange-yellow or red, obovoid-ellipsoid to ellipsoid, 6-8 mm. long, 4.5 mm. wide, apiculate, encircled at the base by the slightly accrescent calyx, resembling an acorn in its cupule.. Seed 1, subellipsoid, 7 mm. long, 3 mm. wide and thick.. Fig. 2/2.
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Much-branched, evergreen shrubs or trees up to 16 m high, branches usually horizontal ending in densely leafy ultimate twigs; twigs slender, pubescent when young, buds and inflorescence buds protected by hard brown ciliate scales. Leaves usually borne in one plane, hence seeming distichous, glossy, dark green, elliptic, lanceolate-elliptic, ovate-elliptic or ovate, 1-3.6 cm long and 0.5-2 cm wide, young petioles midrib and margins hairy but soon becoming glabrous. Flowers dioecious. Male flowers white, axillary, solitary or in 2-3-flowered cymes; pedicels almost glabrous. Calyx 2-3 mm long, glabrous except for the margin, cup-shaped, truncate or minutely 3-lobed. Corolla deeply 3-lobed, 5 mm long, silvery-sericeous outside; lobes 2.5 mm long, spreading, acute, apiculate or rounded. Stamens about 17, 2 mm long. Ovary absent. Female flowers white, solitary, similar to the males. Staminodes 6-9, about 1 mm long. Ovary 3-locular with 2 ovules in each cell, glabrous, style as long as ovary, glabrous, shallowly trilobed. Disc somewhat fleshy, saucer-shaped, clasping base of ovary. Fruit acorn-shaped, obovoid, apiculate, clasped at the base by the cup-shaped, slightly accrescent calyx Seed usually 1, grey, with a finely rugose testa, obovoid to ellipsoid, apiculate, circumvented by an oblique, thin more or less straight line; endosperm white, horny or bony, opaque, not ruminate.
A evergreen shrub or small tree. It is much branched. It grows to 6-15 m high. The bark is pale grey and smooth. The leaves are produced horizontally along the slender branches. They are oval and 1-3.6 cm long by 0.5-2 cm wide. They are glossy dark green above and paler green underneath. The flowers are small and white. They occur either singly or in 2 or 3 flowered heads in the axils of leaves. These are 7 mm long. The fruit are like small acorns. They are slender and 1.2 cm long by 0.6 cm wide. They have sharp tips. They are yellow when mature. The cup covers about half the fruit.
Much-branched, evergreen tree or shrub, 1-25 m high; branches usually horizontal. Leaves usually borne in one plane, glossy, dark green, elliptic to ovate. Male flowers axillary, solitary or in cymes, white; stamens ± 17, 2 mm long. Female flowers solitary, similar to males; staminodes 6-9, 1 mm long; ovary 3-locular. Fruit acorn-shaped, obovoid. Seed usually 1.
Leaves subcoriaceous, drying pale brown above; lamina 1·3 x 0·6–3·6 x 2 cm., very variable, suborbicular, elliptic, lanceolate–elliptic, ovate–elliptic or ovate, apex obtuse or subacute; lower surface glabrous, but margin with a few ciliolate hairs; secondary nerves in 3–5 pairs, darker than the lamina, tertiary nerves and veins indistinct.
Corolla 0–5 cm. long, widely open at the throat, shortly strigulose — tomentellous outside except near the base, glabrous inside; lobes 3, broadly deltate, 0·25 cm. long.
Fruit 0·8 x 0·45 cm., obovoid–ellipsoid or ellipsoid, apiculate, surrounded at the base by the slightly accrescent calyx and looking like an acorn in its cupule.
Male flowers solitary or in 2–4–flowered cymes in axils of leaves or of fallen leaves on second–year branchlets; pedicels c. 0·1 cm. long, almost glabrous.
Stamens c. 16, exserted, 0·2–0·3 cm. long; filaments very short, glabrous, inserted at base of corolla–tube; anthers lanceolate, apiculate, glabrous.
Staminodes 9, inserted half–way up the corolla–tube, 3 alternating with the lobes and 2 opposite each lobe, 0·15 cm. long, glabrous.
Ovary 0 .3 x 0·25 cm., ovoid–conoidal, glabrous; locules 3, 2–ovulate; styles 3, 0·15 cm. long, united in lower half, bifid at apex.
Calyx truncate or denticulate, 0·2–0·3 cm. long, usually glabrous except for the sparsely ciliate margin.
Young shoots and inflorescences protected by (4) 6–8 bud–scales.
Much–branched evergreen shrub or small tree up to 25 m. high.
Seed 1, 0·7 x 0·3 x 0·3 cm., sub–ellipsoid.
Female flowers solitary, similar to male.
Pistillode absent.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 6.0 - 25.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It occurs in dune forest along the coast. It can be on the edges of streams and evergreen forest. It grows in stony or gravelly soils. It grows from sea level to 1,600 m above sea level.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 5-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses food
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Diospyros natalensis unspecified picture

Distribution

Diospyros natalensis world distribution map, present in Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, eSwatini, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Diospyros natalensis threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:322751-1
WFO ID wfo-0000649390
COL ID 6D8MJ
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 807312
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Maba natalensis Diospyros natalensis Ebenus natalensis

Lower taxons

Diospyros natalensis subsp. nummularia Diospyros natalensis subsp. natalensis Diospyros natalensis subsp. nummularia