Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) Dc.

Perennial wallrocket (en), Roquette jaune (fr), Diplotaxe vulgaire (fr), Diplotaxe à feuilles étroites (fr), Roquette sauvage (fr), Diplotaxis à feuilles ténues (fr), Diplotaxe à feuilles ténues (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Brassicales > Brassicaceae > Diplotaxis

Characteristics

Perennials, (usually suffrutes-cent, roots with shoots from adventitious buds), strongly scented (with glucosinolates), (glaucescent). Stems erect, 2-7(-10) dm, glabrescent or sparsely pubescent basally. Basal leaves: blade elliptic to obovate, 2-15 cm × 10-60(-80) mm, margins sinuate to deeply pinnatifid, (2-5 lobes each side). Cauline leaves petiolate; similar to basal, (distal cauline shortly petiolate, blade similar, with narrower segments), surfaces usually glabrescent. Fruiting pedicels 8-35 mm. Flowers: sepals 4-6 mm, glabrous or pubescent, trichomes straight; petals yellow, 7-11(-13) × 5-8 mm, (apex rounded); filaments 4-8 mm; anthers 2.5-3 mm; gynophore 0.5-3 mm. Fruits usually erect, rarely ascending, (somewhat torulose, slightly compressed), 2-5 cm × 1.5-2.5 mm; terminal segment (stout), beaklike, 1.5-3 mm, seedless; (ovules 20-32(-46) per ovary). Seeds 1-1.3 × 0.6-0.9 mm. 2n = 22.
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Perennial, not foetid; stems erect, stout, branching, leafy, glabrous, 30-100 cm tall. Lvs mostly cauline, variable, petiolate, glabrous, linear-lanceolate to lanceolate and toothed, to broadly triangular in outline and deeply pinnatifid, 4-20 × 1-4-(10) cm; upper lvs becoming smaller. Racemes glabrous, (10)-30-60 cm tall. Pedicels 1.5-4 cm long. Sepals triangular, glabrous or rarely sparsely hairy, 4.5-6 × 2-3.5 mm. Petals yellow, spathulate, shortly clawed, 7-12 × 3-5 mm. Silique 20-30-(45) × 1.5-2 mm, on short gynophore (0.5)-1-2 mm long; beak seedless. Seeds oblong, brown, 1-1.5 mm long.
Glabrous or subglabrous, taprooted perennial (but sometimes blooming the first year), erect, 3–8 dm; lvs mostly cauline but below the middle of the stem, somewhat fleshy and glaucous, foetid when crushed, oblanceolate to narrowly oblong, toothed to more often deeply pinnatifid; lower pedicels becoming remote and 2–3 cm; pet yellow; frs ascending, 2–5 cm, the base of the valves elevated 1–2 mm above the scars of the perianth; 2n=22. Native of Europe, established as a weed in waste places here and there in our range, especially northward, and in w. U.S. May–Sept.
Perennial herb, erect, 20–80 cm tall, glabrous and glaucous. Leaves cauline, glabrous, foetid when crushed; lower leaves petiolate, variable, pinnatifid with linear lobes, or coarsely dentate, or entire; upper leaves reducing. Sepals 4–6.5 mm long, the outer half-spreading, inner erect, glabrous, Petals 8–15 mm long, lemon-yellow, tapering to claw. Qvary on a gynophore. Siliqua 2–6 cm long, 1–2 mm wide, erect to spreading on pedicels mostly 15–40 mm long; gynophore 1–3 mm long; beak seedless, slender, 2–2.5 mm long. Seeds 1–1.5 mm long, yellow.
A cabbage family herb. It is a plant which keeps growing from year to year. It grows 0.2-1.2 m high. The leaves near the base are slightly lobed but the leaves on the stem are narrow and entire or with teeth. The leaves have an unpleasant smell when crushed. The flowers have sepals which spread out. The petals are bright yellow. The fruit stalks are also spreading. The pods are flattened and with a short beak. Seed are arranged in two rows.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread anemochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.3 - 0.75
Root system adventitious-root tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c4

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It grows well in sandy soils. It can grow on beach sand and limestone. In Argentina it grows between sea level and 1,000 m above sea level. Tasmania Herbarium. It suits hardiness zone 7.
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Old walls and waste places in S. England, a casual further north. This plant is doubtfully native in Britain.
A weed of wasteplace.
Light 6-9
Soil humidity 2-7
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-8

Usage

The leaves are eaten raw in salads and boiled in soups. They have a peppery taste.
Uses gene source medicinal
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seeds. They can be transplanted.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -18
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Diplotaxis tenuifolia habit picture by Ew Bow (cc-by-sa)
Diplotaxis tenuifolia habit picture by Fabrice Rubio (cc-by-sa)
Diplotaxis tenuifolia habit picture by Gilbert Launay (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Diplotaxis tenuifolia leaf picture by Veit Koch (cc-by-sa)
Diplotaxis tenuifolia leaf picture by COLIBRI GODEFROY (cc-by-sa)
Diplotaxis tenuifolia leaf picture by Luc Turpin (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Diplotaxis tenuifolia flower picture by Diego Alex (cc-by-sa)
Diplotaxis tenuifolia flower picture by Veit Koch (cc-by-sa)
Diplotaxis tenuifolia flower picture by Roland Rothmund (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Diplotaxis tenuifolia fruit picture by Didier DiGi (cc-by-sa)
Diplotaxis tenuifolia fruit picture by Vincent (cc-by-sa)
Diplotaxis tenuifolia fruit picture by Giorgia (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Diplotaxis tenuifolia world distribution map, present in Australia, Brazil, Canada, France, New Zealand, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1028648-2
WFO ID wfo-0000650524
COL ID 6D9JX
BDTFX ID 22660
INPN ID 95136
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Diplotaxis tanaitica Erysimum tenuifilium Diplotaxis ramosissima Diplotaxis variabilis Brassica tenuifolia Sinapis tenuifolia Sisymbrium acre Sisymbrium tenuifolium Crucifera tenuifolia Eruca perennis Eruca tenuifolia Brassica tenuifolia Brassica muralis Brassica muralis Diplotaxis fruticulosa Eruca muralis Eruca silvestris Diplotaxis tenuifolia var. integrifolia Diplotaxis tenuifolia var. tenuifolia Diplotaxis tenuifolia subsp. tenuifolia Diplotaxis tenuifolia f. integrifolia Sisymbrium cartilagineum Diplotaxis tenuifolia