Dracunculus vulgaris Schott

Dragon lily (en), Dragonne Serpentaire (fr), Serpentaire commune (fr), Arum serpentaire (fr), Gouet serpentaire (fr), Petit dragon commun (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Alismatales > Araceae > Dracunculus

Characteristics

Stout, spotted-sheathed, erect, tuberous perennial herb to 1 m high. Leaves dissected; laminae bright green, fan-shaped, ± 20 × 30 cm, with bow-shaped base curving out on either side of petiole, remainder cut into 11-15 lanceolate segments, central one much broader than laterals with scattered narrow-linear white marks; petioles green, c. 20 cm long, leathery; sheaths to 70 cm long, conspicuously streaked and spotted with red, black, green and brown markings. Scape thick, green, not spotted, c. 50 cm long. Spathe c. 45 × 15 cm, green on outside, deep reddish-purple on inside, margin purple, ruffled, tube green inside with vertical purple lines. Spadix ± = spathe, red-purple to very dark purple almost black, basal female zone c. 1.5 cm long, male zone c. 1.5 cm long, sometimes topped by a few sterile flowers or purple papillae; terminal sterile appendage ± 40 cm long, tapering, stipitate. Berries scarlet.
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A tall tuber forming plant. It grows 1 m tall. The 'stem' is thick and strongly blotched. This 'stem' is formed from the leaf stalks and the flower stem. The leaves are deep green and often have white streaks. The leaves are deeply divided into 10-15 narrow segments. The edges of these segments are wavy. The spathe around the flower is a rich velvety red but green on the outside. The spathe is broadly sword shaped. It is 25-40 cm long. The spike of flowers is a deep reddish-black. It is stout and shiny and erect. It tapers to the tip. The flower has a strong bad smell. The fruit are berries in an oblong head.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination entomogamy
Spread endozoochory
Mature width (meter) 0.5 - 1.0
Mature height (meter) 1.0 - 1.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a Mediterranean climate plant. It grows in rocky places and dry hillsides. It is usually at low altitudes in the Mediterranean.
Light 4-8
Soil humidity 3-6
Soil texture -
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-10

Usage

The starch of the root can be used to add to bread flour after the acrid element has been removed. The roots are boiled and the water changed before being cooked as a meal. CAUTION: Plants in this group are possibly poisonous without careful treatment.
Uses environmental use medicinal poison
Edible roots tubers
Therapeutic use Bronchitis (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Parasiticide(Veterinary) (unspecified), Skin(Veterinary) (unspecified), Cancer(Nose) (unspecified)
Human toxicity very strong toxic (whole)
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) 30 - 180
Germination temperacture (C°) 16 - 19
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Dracunculus vulgaris habit picture by Boumlik Messaïli (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Dracunculus vulgaris leaf picture by Yves Moréno (cc-by-sa)
Dracunculus vulgaris leaf picture by Yves Moréno (cc-by-sa)
Dracunculus vulgaris leaf picture by Severin Ronald (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Dracunculus vulgaris flower picture by Zoltai Attila (cc-by-sa)
Dracunculus vulgaris flower picture by Sue Germain (cc-by-sa)
Dracunculus vulgaris flower picture by Jill Newport (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Dracunculus vulgaris fruit picture by Takis Pothitos (cc-by-sa)
Dracunculus vulgaris fruit picture by Antonelli Antonella (cc-by-sa)
Dracunculus vulgaris fruit picture by Jean-Claude Gerard (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Dracunculus vulgaris world distribution map, present in Albania, Bulgaria, Algeria, France, Greece, Italy, New Zealand, Portugal, Turks and Caicos Islands, and United States of America

Conservation status

Dracunculus vulgaris threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:86985-1
WFO ID wfo-0000945756
COL ID 37L55
BDTFX ID 23088
INPN ID 95425
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Arum dracunculus Dracunculus creticus Dracunculus polyphyllus Dracunculus dracunculus Dracunculus major Dracunculus spadiceus Arum guttatum Dracunculus vulgaris var. creticus Dracunculus vulgaris subsp. creticus Dracunculus vulgaris var. elongatus Dracunculus vulgaris var. laevigatus Aron dracunculum Dracunculus vulgaris