Drynaria rigidula (Sw.) Bedd.

Species

Pteridophytes > Polypodiales > Polypodiaceae > Drynarioideae > Drynaria

Characteristics

Rhizome 1-2 cm thick, short-creeping, internodes up to 2.5 cm long. Anatomy: vascular bundles 15-30 with c. 4 enlarged dorsal strands, in one row, without dark bundle sheaths, sclerenchyma strands present, central or peripheral. Rhizome scales brown to dark brown, with a lighter margin, spreading, peltate, monomorphic, 5-13 by 0.5-1.5 mm, index 4 to linear, apex acute to acuminate, the margin ciliate with fine, straight or somewhat curly cilia, midrib absent or indistinct. Fronds dimorphic, rachises persistent. Base fronds spreading, mostly overlapping, lobed up to 4/5, 10-30 by 5-15 cm, index 1.5-3.5, margin irregularly and finely denticulate. Foliage fronds stalked, stipe to 40 cm long, not winged, with two rows of nectaries, lamina pinnate, 25-100(-200) by 12-50 cm, index 2-4(-6), apex aborted. Pinnae all equally long or smaller towards the apex, 8-25(-30) by 0.5-3 cm, index 6 to linear, base narrowly cuneate, margin crenate to serrate, apex obtuse to acuminate, free veinlets simple or absent, hydathodes absent. Sori in one row between costa and margin, costal, singly between the veins, round, 1-2 mm, sunken. Sporangia glabrous. Spores with spines.
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Rhizome c. 1 cm thick, deciduous-scaly. Scales 2.5-12 mm long, 0.4-1.5 mm wide, gradually tapering from base to acute apex, reddish brown; margins pale brown, bearing fine cilia. Nest fronds narrowly ovate to ovate, 4-39 cm or more long, 3.5-14 cm wide, shallowly or deeply lobed; lobes rounded. Foliage fronds 20-120 (-200) cm long; stipe 5-41 cm long, bearing small lobes spaced similarly to the pinnae. Lamina narrowly ovate, 1-pinnate; pinnae linear, 4-25 cm long, 0.4-3 cm wide, chartaceous to ±coriaceous, with a short narrowly winged stalk; base cuneate; margins shallowly incised (1 incision between each pair of main lateral veins); apex acuminate, acute; costular nectary on basiscopic margin of stalk. Sori round, 1-2 mm diam., in 1 row on each side of the costa; 1 sorus between each pair of main lateral veins, closer to the costa than the margin, impressed into the laminal surface, producing small rounded protuberances on the upper surface. Spores 37.5-57.5 µm long, 15-35 µm wide.
Rhizome shortly creeping, 1-2 cm in diam.; scales brown to dark brown, with a lighter margin, spreading, peltate, 5-13 × 0.5-1.5 mm, margin ciliate, apex acute to acuminate; fronds dimorphic, rachises persistent; basal fronds 10-30 × 5-15 cm, lobed from 1/3-4/5, margin irregularly and finely denticulate; foliage fronds stalked, stipe up to 40 cm, not winged, with 2 rows of nectaries; lamina pinnate, 25-100(-200) × 12-50 cm, apex aborted; pinnae articulate to rachis, all equally long or smaller toward apex, 8-25(-30) × 0.5-1.5 cm, base narrowly cuneate, margin crenate to serrate, apex obtuse to acuminate, free veinlets simple or absent, hydathodes absent. Sori in 1 row between costa and margin, costal, single between veins, orbicular, sunken. Spores with short, blunt spines and globules.
A very large fern. It usually grows attached to other plants. It grows 0.3-1.5 m tall. The rootstock is thick and fleshy. The nest leaves are short, narrow and deeply lobed. The sterile fronds are 10-36 cm long by 5-10 cm wide. They are sword shaped. The fertile fronds are very long and have leaflets along the stalk. The fronds are 0.3-1.5 cm long and erect or arching. The segments are 5-20 cm long and narrowly sword shaped. There are small teeth along the edge. The spore bodies are round and in a single row.
Life form perennial
Growth form -
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality -
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.55 - 1.25
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

An epiphyte, found growing on tree trunks, rocks and cliff faces in tropical forests and scrub. Epiphytic, encircling tree trunks many times, rarely epilithic; at elevations from sea level to 2,000 metres, occasionally to 2,400 metres.
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Commonly epiphytic in rainforest in the northern part of its Australian range, but usually terrestrial among rocks in open forest or on cliff faces in the south.
A tropical plant. It grows in the tropics and subtropics. It grows on trees and rocks. It favours moist forest and rainforest.
Light 4-6
Soil humidity 5-7
Soil texture 9-9
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

Uses environmental use material medicinal social use
Edible -
Therapeutic use Diarrhea (unspecified), Gonorrhea (unspecified), Medicine (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown by spores or by division of the plant.
Mode divisions
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Drynaria rigidula habit picture by Alejandra Barbry (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Drynaria rigidula world distribution map, present in Australia, China, and Thailand

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:17091820-1
WFO ID wfo-0001115917
COL ID 37V2M
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 448061
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Drynaria glaucistipes Polypodium glaucistipes Drynaria rigidula Phymatodes gaudichaudii Drynaria pinnata Drynaria baudouinii Polypodium baudouini Polypodium speciosum Polypodium rigidulum Goniophlebium rigidulum Polypodium diversifolium Polypodium gaudichaudii Drynaria gaudichaudii Polypodium baudouinii Drynaria rigidula f. cristata Polypodium rigidulum var. vidgenii Drynaria rigidula var. koordersii Polypodium rigidulum var. cristatum Polypodium rigidulum var. diversipinnae Polypodium rigidulum var. whitei Drynaria rigidula var. whitei