Drypetes gerrardii Hutch.

Forest ironplum (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Putranjivaceae > Drypetes

Characteristics

A much-branched evergreen shrub or tree up to 30 m., with a densely leafy rounded crown and pendent branches.. Bark fairly smooth, pale to dark greyish brown.. Wood white, heavy.. Twigs brownish, often striate-sulcate.. Young shoots and petioles yellowish-brown tomentose or pubescent at first, later glabrescent.. Petioles 3–7 mm. long; leaf-blade ovate, ovate-rhombic, elliptic-ovate or lanceolate, (2–)5–12(–17) cm. long, (1–)2–6(–9) cm. wide, acute, subacute or obtuse, often slightly acuminate, somewhat asymmetrically rounded-cuneate, shallowly and remotely crenate-dentate to subentire, thinly to moderately coriaceous, shiny above, lateral nerves 6(–8) pairs, looped within the margin, tertiary nerves reticulate, those nearest the midrib ± perpendicular to it and subparallel for a short distance, slightly prominent above, more so beneath, sparingly yellowish-pubescent above and more evenly so beneath, and sometimes more densely so on the midrib beneath, or else quite glabrous above and beneath, dark green, drying brownish.. Stipules triangular-ovate, 1.3–1.5 mm. long, sparingly to densely yellowish-pubescent, soon deciduous.. Flowers axillary, the males glomerulate-fasciculate with (2–)4–12(–15) flowers per fascicle, produced after the females, the females usually solitary.. Male flowers: pedicels 3–6(–8) mm. long, evenly to densely yellowish-pubescent; sepals 4, suborbicular-ovate, 2 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, evenly to densely yellowish-pubescent without, sparingly to evenly pilose within, ciliate, yellowish green, yellow or creamy white, fragrant; stamens 4, 2–3 mm. long, anthers 1 mm. long; disc crenulate to subentire, plicate, the folds protruding a little between the stamens, smooth, with a small cylindric central projection, glabrous.. Female flowers: pedicels 1–2 mm. long, extending to 0.5–1(–2) cm. in fruit; sepals as in the ♂; disc shallowly cupular, subentire, glabrous; ovary 2-locular, subglobose, 2 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, densely fulvous-tomentose; styles 2, 1–1.5 mm. long, united at the base, reflexed, persistent; stigmas linear.. Fruit obovoid-subglobose, usually shallowly bilobed, 1–1.5 cm. long, 1–1.5 cm. diameter, smooth, yellowish to golden-brown tomentose.. Seeds compressed-ovoid, up to 1 cm. long, mottled brownish.
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A small or large evergreen tree. It can grow to 30 m high. The trunk has mottled bark. It is fairly slender but is buttressed, fluted and folded to 6 or 9 m above the ground. The twigs are hairy. The leaves vary in shape and size. They are simple, alternate and stiff. The are dark green on the upper surface and paler underneath. The usually have wide blunt teeth along the edge. They are sword shaped with an unequal base. They are 4-9 cm long and 5 cm wide. The midrib is hairy on both sides. They are on short hairy stalks. The male and female flowers are on separate trees. They are yellow and small and in the axils of leaves. The male flowers are in clusters an the female flowers are single. The fruit are 2.5 cm long and 1.9 cm wide. They are yellow and softly hairy. They have a thin layer of pulp. This is edible They have 2 oval seeds about 1.3 cm long.
Perennial tree; 0.2-20.0 m high; much branched; branches in one plane forming narrow dense crown; bark smooth. Leaves obliquely ovate to rhombic-elliptic or lanceolate, acute, subacute or obtuse, base asymmetrical, apex acuminate, margins shallowly crenate-serrate to subentire; blades thinly coriaceous. Stipules triangular, soon falling. Flowers axillary. Male flowers: few-flowered glomerules; pedicels 3-4 mm long; sepals yellow-green; anthers 4-lobed. Female flowers solitary; pedicels 1-2 mm long; sepals suborbicular; disc shallowly cupular, subentire, glabrous; ovary 2-locular, subglobose, densely sericeous-tomentose; styles 2, free, reflexed, persistent; stigmas linear. Fruit obovoid-subglobose, shallowly bilobed, evenly tomentose. Seeds compressed-ovoid.
Leaves 2–14(17) × 1–7(9) cm, obliquely ovate to rhombic-elliptic or lanceolate, acute to subacute or obtuse, acuminate or not at the apex, weakly to strongly asymmetrically rounded or cuneate at the base, usually shallowly crenate-serrate to subentire on the margins; blades thinly coriaceous, often yellowish-pubescent along the midrib above and beneath and otherwise glabrous, or else completely glabrous, dark green and glossy on the upper surface, paler beneath, those of the upper crown usually brighter yellow-green; lateral nerves in 5–9 pairs, looped well within the margin, and often with a second series of loops towards the margin, tertiary nerves reticulate, parallel near the midrib, scarcely to fairly prominent above, usually prominent beneath.
Male flowers: pedicels 3–4 mm long, yellowish-pubescent; sepals 4, 3 × 3 mm, suborbicular, densely yellowish-pubescent without, sparingly pubescent within, creamy-yellow; stamens 4, 3 mm long, anthers 1 mm long; disk c. 2 mm in diameter, 4-lobed, the lobes somewhat crenulate, protruding a little between the stamens, smooth, pubescent, with a shallow central boss.
Female flowers: pedicels 1–2 mm long, extending to 1(2) cm in fruit; sepals as in the male; disk c. 1.3 mm in diameter, shallowly cupular, subentire, glabrous; ovary 2-locular, 1.5 × 2 mm, subglobose, densely sericeous-tomentose; styles 2, free, reflexed,1–1.5 mm long, persistent; stigmas ± linear.
Shrub or tree, up to 30 m high. Young shoots and petioles evenly to sparingly yellowish pubescent at first, later glabrescent. Leaves shallowly remotely crenate-serrate to subentire, leaf blade ovate, 50-100 (-150) mm long. Flowers yellowish green, yellow or creamy white.
A large evergreen ramiflorous shrub to c. 3 m high, or tree to 30 m; bole slightly fluted to sharply buttressed up to c. 1 m, (15)23(38) cm d.b.h., unbranched to 10 m, then much branched; branches in one plane from c. 5 m forming a narrow dense crown.
Fruit 1–1.3 × 1.3–1.7 cm, obovoid-subglobose, usually shallowly bilobed, evenly tomentose, apple-green to grey-green when fresh, yellowish-brown when dried.
Young shoots and petioles densely yellowish-tomentose to evenly or sparingly pubescent or subglabrous.
Flowers axillary, male flowers in few-flowered glomerules, the females solitary.
Bark smooth, or flaking in oblong or circular patches, pale grey or brown.
Seeds c. 1 mm long, compressed-ovoid, brownish, streaked whitish.
Stipules c. 1 × 0.5 mm, triangular, soon falling.
Petioles 3–10 mm long.
Twigs greyish.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 20.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Dry evergreen forest; sometimes riverine or in rocky places; occasionally extending into wetter forest; evergreen forest and secondary associations; rain-forest; at elevations from 1,000-2,300 metres.
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It is a tropical plant. It grows best in well drained soils. It can grow in arid places. In Zimbabwe it grows between 780-2,000 m above sea level.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 5-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The fruit are eaten raw. They are also used for wine.
Uses charcoal food fuel gene source material medicinal timber wood
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Drypetes gerrardii world distribution map, present in Angola, Burkina Faso, Congo, Kenya, Mozambique, Rwanda, Sudan, eSwatini, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Drypetes gerrardii threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:345035-1
WFO ID wfo-0000946481
COL ID 37YBW
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Drypetes gerrardii Drypetes subdentata

Lower taxons

Drypetes gerrardii var. gerrardii Drypetes gerrardii var. grandifolia Drypetes gerrardii var. tomentosa Drypetes gerrardii var. angustifolia