Ehretia acuminata R.Br.

Species

Angiosperms > Boraginales > Boraginaceae > Ehretia

Characteristics

Tree up to 25 m high. Young branches (blackish) brown, glabrous, older branches grey. Leaves lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate or oblong, (3—)5—15(—18) by (1.5-)2-8 cm, finely serrate, serrate, crenate-dentate to grossly dentate, indistinctly petiolate, base obliquely truncate to rounded, apex acute, with 4-7 nerves on each side, upper side glabrous, lower side with hairs along main nerves. Inflorescence terminal on main and lateral branches, paniculoid, with numerous flowers; pedicels 1-2.5 mm long. Calyx cup-shaped, 1.5 mm long, 2 mm wide in flower, lobes 5, free beyond middle, laterally overlapping in flower, with hairs along margin. Corolla funnel-shaped, 2-2.5 mm long, 4-5 mm in diam., lobes oblong, obtuse, 1.5(-2) mm long. Stamens exserted. Pistil: style divided for 1 / 3, branches widening towards indistinct stigmata. Fruit globose, c. 7 mm in diam.
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Trees to 15 m tall; bark black-gray, laciniate; branches light brown, smooth; branchlets brown, glabrous, with distinct lenticels; axillary buds solitary, compressed. Petiole 1.5-2.5 cm, glabrous; leaf blade elliptic to obovate or oblong-obovate, 5-13 × 4-6 cm, glabrous or sparsely puberulent, base broadly cuneate, margin regularly serrate with teeth curved upward, apex acute, apiculate. Cymes paniculate, 8-15 × 5-8 cm, short pubescent or subglabrous. Flowers crowded, fragrant. Calyx 1.5-2 mm; lobes ovate, ciliate. Corolla white, campanulate, 3-4 mm; lobes spreading, oblong, longer than tube. Stamens exserted; filaments 2-3 mm, inserted on upper part of base, 0.5-1 mm; anthers ovate, ca. 1 mm. Style 1.4-2.5 mm, branches ca. 0.5 mm. Drupes yellow or orange, 3-4 mm in diam.; endocarp wrinkled, divided at maturity into 2 2-seeded pyrenes. 2n = 30, 32, 36.
A medium sized to tall tree. It can grow 10-25 m tall and spread 5-12 m across. It loses its leaves during the year. The stem has deep channels along it. The bark is light grey and develops cracks along it. The young leaves are light green. The leaves are 7-15 cm long by 3-6 cm wide. They are dark green on top and paler underneath. They are oval and thin textured. The edges of the leaves have coarse teeth. The flowers are about 0.5 cm across. They are white and have a sweet scent. The flowers occur on branched clusters 5-20 cm long. These can be at the ends of branches or in the axils of leaves. The fruit is 4-6 mm across. It is round and orange and splits open when ripe. The fruit occur in large numbers. The ripe fruit is edible.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 5.0 - 12.0
Mature height (meter) 10.0 - 12.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows naturally in rainforests and moist forests in tropical and subtropical areas. It suits humid locations. Often they occur along the banks of streams. It requires well drained soil. In Western China it grows up to 1500 m altitude. It cannot stand frost. Trees can tolerate sun from an early stage. It can grow in arid places.
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Hills, open forests, thickets on slopes; at elevations of 100-1,700 metres in southern China. Margins of rainforests and disturbed rainforests.
Woodlands in valleys to 1500 metres in W. China.
Light 6-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 3-5
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 7-9

Usage

The ripe fruit are eaten mostly raw. The unripe fruit are pickled in India. The leaves are used in herbal drinks.
Uses bee plant dye environmental use food material medicinal potherb social use wood
Edible fruits leaves shoots
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed. Seed should be sown fresh. They usually germinate within 2 weeks. Plants can be grown from cuttings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -18
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Ehretia acuminata leaf picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)
Ehretia acuminata leaf picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)
Ehretia acuminata leaf picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Ehretia acuminata flower picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Ehretia acuminata fruit picture by Kenneth Parker (cc-by-sa)
Ehretia acuminata fruit picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)
Ehretia acuminata fruit picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Ehretia acuminata world distribution map, present in Australia, Bangladesh, China, India, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, and Viet Nam

Conservation status

Ehretia acuminata threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:115963-1
WFO ID wfo-0000663323
COL ID 6DZ5D
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 710397
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Ehretia onava Ehretia ovalifolia Ehretia pilosula Ehretia polyantha Ehretia serrata Ehretia argyi Ehretia kantonensis Ehretia pyrifolia Ehretia taiwaniana Ehretia thyrsiflora Cordia thyrsiflora Cordia thyrsiflora Ehretia virgata Ehretia acuminata var. grandifolia Ehretia acuminata var. laxiflora Ehretia acuminata var. pilosula Ehretia acuminata var. polyantha Ehretia acuminata var. pyrifolia Ehretia acuminata var. serrata Ehretia serrata var. obovata Ehretia thyrsiflora var. latifolia Ehretia serrata var. pyrifolia Ehretia acuminata var. obovata Ehretia acuminata