Eleusine tristachya (Lam.) Lam.

Threespike goosegrass (en), Éleusine à trois épis (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Poaceae > Eleusine

Characteristics

Tufted perennials, 14-20 cm, sometimes shortly rhizomatous; branching intravaginal. Leaf-sheath light green to pale creamy brown, glabrous, rounded at base and keeled above, coriaceous; margins wide, hyaline. Ligule 0.3-0.5 mm, truncate, ciliate. Leaf-blade 4-8 cm × 2-3 mm, coriaceous, folded, glabrous; margins scabrid and sometimes with a few, scattered long, very fine hairs, midrib scabrid near obtuse tip. Culm 9-18 cm, compressed, internodes glabrous. Inflorescence of 2 oblong, digitate spikes, occasionally a third slightly distant spike; spikes 1-2 × (0.5)-0.8-1.2 cm; rachis long-hairy at base, glabrous above but with 1 or 2 long hairs at base of some spikelets. Spikelets 5-6.5 mm, 4-10-flowered, usually purplish. Glumes unequal, < spikelet, membranous, subacute, keel stiffly scabrid, narrowly winged; lower 1.5-2 mm, 1-3-nerved, upper 2-3 mm, 5-(7)-nerved. Lemma 3.5-4 mm, membranous, subacute, 3-nerved, keel thickened, scabrid, with 2-3 subsidiary nerves near margin above, each marginal nerve with a short, close, subsidiary vein. Palea 2.5-3 mm, keels scabrid, hardly winged, apex ciliate, acute or bilobed. Lodicules 0.6-0.9 mm, nerved, asymmetrically 3-lobed. Anthers 0.6-0.8 mm. Caryopsis c. 1 × 0.8 mm, ± oblong, truncate, red-brown to almost black, with parallel ± transverse ridges, concave on hilar face; hilum small, basal, round.
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Perennials, prostrate or geniculate. Flowering culms 7–45 cm high. Leaves: basal sheaths with margins glabrous (except for a few hairs near the orifice); blade folded, 5–21 cm long, 2–4 mm wide. Inflorescences digitate; branches 1–4, 1–3 cm long, 4–11 mm wide including the spikelets. Spikelets overlapping, (3–) 4–7 mm long, with 5–7 bisexual florets. Glumes unequal in length; lower glume 1.9–3 mm long; upper glume 2.5–4 mm long, obtuse. Basal lemma 3–4.5 mm long, muticous; keel wingless; midnerve smooth or scaberulous. Palea keels wingless. Grain enclosed by the lemma and palea, elliptic or circular, trigonous in T.S., deeply concave on hilar side.
Tufted perennial 70-180 mm high; culm slender. Leaf blade 50-180 x 3-5 mm; ligule a fringed membrane. Inflorescence digitate; racemes 1-4, 10-25 x 4-11 mm, stout. Spikelet 4-7 mm long; 2 to 3-flowered, disarticulating above the glumes and between the florets at maturity; lower glume oblong-lanceolate, 1-nerved, apex subacute; upper glume 3-4 mm long, acute to subacute; lemma 4-5 mm long, narrowly oblong-lanceolate, apex obtuse or subacute, keel scabrid; palea keels scabrid; anther 0.5-0.8 mm long; caryopsis broadly trigonous, surface coarsely striate.
Perennial; up to 0.18 m high; tufted. Leaf blades 50-180 x 3-5 mm. Flowers: inflorescence digitate; spikes 1-4; stout; 10-25 x 4-11 mm; spikelets 4-7 mm long; spikelets 2-or 3-flowered; lemmas narrowly oblong-lanceolate.
Perennial, tufted, up to 180 mm tall. Leaf blades 50-180 mm long, 3-5 mm wide. Spikelets 4-7 mm long. Inflorescence digitate; spikes 1-4, stout, 10-25 mm long, 4-11 mm wide; spikelets 2-or 3-flowered.
A grass. It grows 10-30 cm tall.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination anemogamy
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.1 - 0.24
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c4

Environment

Weed of disturbedground and mown areas. 
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It is a temperate plant.
Light -
Soil humidity 1-4
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 7-10

Usage

Uses animal food gene source medicinal
Edible seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Eleusine tristachya habit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Eleusine tristachya leaf picture by Florent Beck (cc-by-sa)
Eleusine tristachya leaf picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Eleusine tristachya leaf picture by Modri Frederico (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Eleusine tristachya flower picture by Albert Mallol Camprubí (cc-by-sa)
Eleusine tristachya flower picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Eleusine tristachya flower picture by Florent Beck (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Eleusine tristachya fruit picture by JeanRene (cc-by-sa)
Eleusine tristachya fruit picture by Sabaté Sant Jordi (cc-by-sa)
Eleusine tristachya fruit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Eleusine tristachya world distribution map, present in Åland Islands, Australia, Austria, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Czech Republic, Spain, France, Hungary, Italy, Lesotho, New Zealand, Paraguay, Uruguay, United States of America, and South Africa

Conservation status

Eleusine tristachya threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30127333-2
WFO ID wfo-0000865789
COL ID 398KZ
BDTFX ID 23800
INPN ID 95975
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Cynosurus tristachyos Eleusine erythrosperma Eleusine geminata Eleusine leucosperma Eleusine oligostachya Eleusine italica Eleusine tristachya f. latifolia Eleusine tristachyos Eleusine barcinonensis Eleusine indica var. brachystachya Eleusine indica var. condensata Eleusine indica var. tristachya Eleusine indica var. barcinonensis Eleusine tristachya