Encalypta vulgaris Hedw.

Common candle snuffer moss (en)

Species

Bryophytes > Encalyptales > Encalyptaceae > Encalypta

Characteristics

Plants medium-sized, forming cushions, green; saxicolous. Stems 5-20 mm, radicu-lose below; in section round, central strand present, inner cortical cells medium-sized, thin-walled, in 5-6 rows, outer cortical cells smaller, in 2 rows, reddish. Leaves erect with lamina inrolled dry, widespreading wet; lingulate to elliptical, 3-4 mm long; apex acute to mucronate, frequently cucullate; base oblong; margins plane, papillose. Costa ending below apex or percurrent, ventral superficial cells quadrate, papillose, similar to laminal cells, dorsal superficial cells elongate, smooth; in section guide cells 4, large, with several dorsal supplementary cells, ventral cells in 2-3 rows, large, weakly thickened, ventral surface cells smaller, papillose, dorsal stereid band strong, in 4-5 rows, dorsal surface cells undifferentiated, smooth. Upper laminal cells quadrate to hexagonal, weakly thickened, papillae 1-4, large, C-or O-shaped; basal cells highly differentiated, fragile, rectangular, vertical walls thin, end walls thickened, reddish; basal marginal cells linear, thickened, forming distinct borders 5 cells wide. Autoicous. Perichaetia terminal, leaves short, spathulate-obovate, apex obtuse. Seta 6 mm long, red-brown; capsule cylindrical, 2.5-3.0 mm long, yellow-brown, exothecial cells rhomboidal to quadrate, thin-walled; peristome absent; operculum long-rostrate, to 2 mm high; calyptra cylindrical-rostrate, 5.0-5.5 mm long, entire to erose at base; spores with prominent tetrad scar, 34-37 µm, distal surface warty, red-yellow.
More
Stems 5-20 mm, central strand small. Leaves broadly oblong to lingulate, 3-4 mm; apices broadly acute to obtuse, sometimes weakly cucullate or muticous; margins plane or weakly incurved; costa subpercurrent or percurrent, papillose; laminal cells 8-14 µm; basal cells smooth. Specialized asexual reproduction absent. Seta 4-8 mm, yellowish red. Capsule exserted, erect, cylindric, 2-3.5 mm, weakly straight-furrowed, yellowish brown, exothecial cells rectangular, walls weakly thickened; peristome absent or just a short hyaline membrane present; operculum 1.5 mm. Calyptra 4-5 mm, base not fringed, body smooth or papillose above or throughout. Spores 22-35 µm, warty, light brown.
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Soil texture 7-9
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Images

Encalypta vulgaris unspecified picture

Distribution

Encalypta vulgaris world distribution map, present in South Africa

Identifiers

LSID 35134404
WFO ID wfo-0001165892
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INPN ID 4852
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Tortula mairei Encalypta novae-seelandiae Encalypta tasmanica Bryum extinctorium Hymenostoma encalyptroides Encalypta australis Encalypta extinctoria Encalypta orsinii Encalypta pumila Encalypta vulgaris Encalypta vulgaris var. apiculata Encalypta vulgaris var. mutica Encalypta vulgaris var. vulgaris

Lower taxons

Encalypta vulgaris var. obtusifolia